Part 1: Pathophysiology

Questions with (***) must be completed with the necessary words, not an explanation.

Each question, must be a paragraph, except for questions marked with (****) and questions that require 2 paragraphs.

1. -What is Fragile X syndrome

a. what is its cause?

2. -What is neurofibromatosis?

3. – Describe and diseases it may cause.

a. autosomal dominant disease trait/X-linked recessive trait/

4. -What are (Two paragraphs):

a. Dominant

b. Recessive

c. Sex-linked

d. Hemizygous genes

5. -What are the characteristics of a metastatic tumor

6. -Describe mutation of the breast carcinoma 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) gene

7. -What is the importance of Vitamin supplements and:

a. Antioxidants

8. How RAS proto-oncogene mutation affects cells by__________***

9. Why are stem cells transplant for leukemia categorized as multipotent?

10. -What is the indication for biopsy of a breast mass?

11. -What is the education for family of children with PKU

12. -DNA that is transmitted from parents to offspring mainly comes from?

a. What are the “checkpoints” where damaged DNA is fixed?

13. -Dysplasia of epithelial cells sometimes results from?

14. -Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-shaped structures called:_______________****

15. -Describe and explain their functions (Two paragraphs):

a. Secretory vesicles

b. Ribosomes

c. Mitochondria

d. Golgi apparatus

16. -Epigenetics is the field of science that evaluates?

17. -Low serum albumin levels causes and patient presentation (symptoms)

18. -Describe (Two paragraphs):

a. Pinocytosis

b. Phagocytosis

c. Exocytosis

d. endocytosis.

19. -Protein hormones and enzymes are stored in:______________________****

20. -Single nucleotide polymorphisms are best described as:_________________****

21. -X chromosome syndromes occurring in males?_____________ ****

22. -What is a possible reason for increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities with older maternal age?

23. – What is, causes genetics and patient presentation (Two paragraphs):

a. Down syndrome

b. Cri du Chat

c. Fragile X syndrome

d. Turner syndrome and

24. -Describe the different types of gangrene

25. Describe and strategies to teach to prevent exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus

26. -What is and causes of acute retroviral syndrome

27. -Describe the mechanism involved in the development of autoimmune disorders.

28. -Patient education for (Two paragraphs):

a. measles,

b. mumps,

c. rubella vaccine

29. -The expected effect of antihistamine.

30. – How does the human immunodeficiency virus enter the CD+ membrane?

Part 2: Pathophysiology

Questions with (***) must be completed with the necessary words, not an explanation.

Each question, must be a paragraph, except for questions marked with (****) and questions that require 2 paragraphs.

31. -A positive result for Lyme disease that would indicate an acute infection?________***

32. -Know the diagnostic tests for systemic lupus erythematosus?

33. -Organisms that multiply by invading host cells and can reside in neurons are?

34. -Know active immunity

35. -The arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is generally?

36. -Chronic inflammatory response can occur because?

37. -The major disadvantage of passive immunization is?

38. -Which of the following is an immunoglobin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reaction?

39. -Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?

40. -Describe the process of (Two paragraphs):

a. active transport

b. active diffusion

c. passive osmosis

d. facilitated diffusion

41. -Know the role of cytokines in cell reproduction

42. -What is phagocytosis?

43. -Why mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy

44. -Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?

45. -What is apoptosis?

46. -What is dysplasia?

47. -Describe (Two paragraphs):

a. fragile X disorder

b. Marfan’s syndrome

c. Turner’s syndrome

d. Down syndrome

e. Klinefelter’s syndrome.

48. -Know important criterion for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance?

49. -What is consanguinity?

50. -The term for an error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during cell division or mitosis is?_______________***

51. -Know (Two paragraphs):

a. monoploidy,

b. polyploidy,

c. aneuploidy

d. euploid

52. -Pain is induced during inflammation by?

53. -Know in which structure does B lymphocytes mature into becoming B cells?

54. -What is hypersensitivity

a. which antibodies are involved in the reactions?

55. -Know (Two paragraphs):

a. Autoimmunity

b. Alloimmunity

c. homoimmunity

d. hypersensitivity reaction

56. -Know the different types of hypersensitivity reactions (I, II, III, IV)

57. -Know which cells are decreased by AIDS?

58. -Know the modes of transmission of HIV

a. types of secretions that can transmit it.

59. -Know HIV stages

a. different with manifestation

60. -Know the test used to measure viral RNA quantitatively once HIV/AIDS is confirmed_________***

61. -Know HIV prevention strategies

Parts 3 and 4 have the same questions. However, you must answer with references and different writing, always addressing them objectively, as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.

Part 3: Facilitative Communication and Helping Skills (Writer in first person from a very personal but academic perspective)

Reflect on your life experiences and all the influences on your identity (culture, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, religion and spirituality, life stage, family of origin, abilities/disability, and stress/demands on your attitudes/behavior).

1. What truisms did you learn in your family about (One paragraph)

a. Money

b. Success

c.Relationships

2. Identify at least three areas of potential bias based on your identity and (One paragraph):

a. Discuss how these influences may impact your clients.

3. What will you do to avoid these biases causing potential harm to your clients? (One paragraph)

Part 4: Facilitative Communication and Helping Skills (Writer in first person from a very personal but academic perspective)

Reflect on your life experiences and all the influences on your identity (culture, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, religion and spirituality, life stage, family of origin, abilities/disability, and stress/demands on your attitudes/behavior).

1. What truisms did you learn in your family about (One paragraph)

a. Money

b. Success

c.Relationships

2. Identify at least three areas of potential bias based on your identity and (One paragraph):

a. Discuss how these influences may impact your clients.

3. What will you do to avoid these biases causing potential harm to your clients? (One paragraph)

Part 5: Facilitative Communication and Helping Skills

Two paragraphs per page: Check that words per paragraph be similar

1. Describe how the family truisms can influence the personal perspective and identity

2. Describe one strategy to avoid the biases can influence in the life experiences