These are some ideas about how to listen, categories of skills, and matching activity.
Receiving
Avoid distractions.
Don’t interrupt the speaker.
Don’t rehearse your response.
Understanding
Remembering
Identify the fundamental points.
Make the message familiar.
Evaluating
What is fact, and what is opinion?
Was the speaker demonstrating any particular prejudice with their message?
What portions of the message, if any, were exaggerated?
What parts of their message were interpreted, and which parts were unbiased?
What was the speaker’s intent with their message?
Responding
Don’t complete the speaker’s sentences.
Address the speaker’s points.
Both counselors and coaches use listening skills and many of these cross over to the other service. However, this next list will highlight what techniques are emphasized more in one group versus another. It is not comprehensive. It is meant to demonstrate
Pink = skills usually reserved for counselors
Green =skills usually employed by coaches
Spheres of Influence: This assessment tool will get the individual to look at areas of their life and see which areas may be impacting and influencing them. The person’s job is to figure out which systems in their life give them strength, and which ones give them stress. Some spheres of influence to consider are: themselves, immediate family, friends, husband or wife, extended family, job or school, community, culture or religion, and any external influences.
Clarification: A counselor should often ask their client to clarify what they are telling them to make sure they understand the situation correctly. This will help the counselor avoid any misconceptions or avoid them having to make any assumptions that could hinder their feedback.
Client Expectations: When a person enters therapy, they should voice their opinions about counseling and their beliefs about treatment. In the beginning, they should be able to communicate with their counselor as to what they expect to get out of counseling. This can help the counselor guide and direct their counseling accordingly.
Confrontation: This does not mean the client confronting the therapist, or vice versa. The confrontation that should happen here is within the client. The client should be able to self-examine themselves during counseling. However, the speed at which they do this should be discussed between the counselor and the client.
Congruence: This has to do with the counselor being genuine with their feedback and beliefs about their client’s situation and progress. The more authentic and truer they are with their counseling, the more that their client and work to grow and benefit from their help.
Core Conditions: This technique in counseling goes over some essential traits that the counselor needs to integrate for effective counseling, which are: positive regard, empathy, congruence or genuineness, and warmth.
Encouraging: Being encouraging as a counselor for your client is an essential technique that will help facilitate confidence and respect between both parties. This technique asks that the counselor focus on the client’s strengths and assets to help them see themselves in a positive light. This will help with the client’s progression.
Engagement: As a therapist, having a good, yet professional relationship with your client is essential. However, there are bound to be difficult moments in counseling sessions, which will require influential engagement on the counselor’s behalf.
Focusing: This technique involves the counselor demonstrating that they understand what their client is experiencing by using non-judgmental attention without any words. Focusing can help the counselor determine what the client needs to obtain next from their services.
Immediacy: This technique features the counselor speaking openly about something that is occurring in the present moment. This helps the client learn from their real life experiences and apply this to their reactions for other past situations.
Listening Skills: With any relationship, listening skills are needed to show that the counselor understands and interprets the information that their client gives them correctly. The counselor should do this by showing attentiveness in non-verbal ways, such as: summarizing, capping, or matching the body language of their clients.
Open-Ended Questions: Open-ended questions encourage people in a counseling session to give more details on their discussion. Therefore, these types of questions are used as a technique by counselors to help their clients answer how, why, and what.
Paraphrasing: This technique will show clients that the counselor is listening to their information and processing what they have been telling them. Paraphrasing is also good to reiterate or clarify any misinformation that might have occurred.
Positive Asset Search: A positive technique used by counselors helps clients think up their positive strengths and attributes to get them into a strong mindset about themselves.
Reflection of Feeling: Counselors use this technique to show their clients that they are fully aware of the feelings that their client is experiencing. They 4 can do this by using exact words and phrases that their client is expressing to them.
Miracle Question: The technique of asking a question of this sort will help the client see the world in a different way or perspective. A miracle question could be something along the lines of: “What would your world look like if a miracle occurred? What would that miracle be and how would it change things?”
Stages of Change: By assessing a client’s needs, a counselor can determine the changes that need to occur for their client, and when they should take place. This can be determined by what they believe to be most important.
Trustworthiness: The counselor must create an environment for their client as such that their client feels that they have the capacity to trust their counselor. A therapist must be: congruent, warm, empathetic, and speak with positive regard to their client.
Capping: A lot of counselors use the technique of capping during their sessions. Capping involves changing a conversation’s direction from emotional to cognitive if the counselor feels their client’s emotions need to be calmed or regulated.
Working Alliance: Creating a working alliance between a counselor and their client is essential for a successful counseling environment that will work to achieve the client’s needs. This technique involves the client and therapist being active collaborators during counseling and agreeing upon goals of treatment that are necessary, as well as how to achieve those goals.
Proxemics: This technique has the counselor study the spatial movements and conditions of communication that their client exhibits. By studying their clients’ body orientation, the counselor can determine mood, feelings, and reactions.
Self-Disclosure: The counselor will make note when personal information is disclosed at certain points of therapy. This technique will help the counselor learn more about the client and use this information only to benefit them.
Structuring: When the individual enters counseling, the counselor should discuss the agenda for the day with their client, the activities, and the processes that they will go through. This technique in counseling will help the client understand their counselor’s train of thought into determining how this routine will work for them. Soon enough, the client will get used to the routine, and this establishes comfort and trust in counseling.
Hierarchy of Needs: This technique involves the counselor assessing their client’s level of needs as based on the progress that they are making. The needs that they will factor in are: physiological needs, safety needs, love and 5 belonging needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. All these will determine if change needs to take place in counseling.
Please attempt to correctly match these listening skills.
Paraphrasing ___ a. You said you wanted to change but you are doing the same thing.
Reflecting ___ b. I heard you say you feel sad.
Drawing out ___ c. Can you tell me more about what was challenging?
Challenging ___ d. To summarize, you didn’t like the way you were treated.
