Advanced Business Analytics
Business Reporting
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Business Reporting, De�nitions and Concepts
• Report = Information → Decision • A report can ful�ll many functions
• To ensure proper functioning • To provide information • To provide the results of an analysis • To persuade others to act • To create memory
Business Reporting 2 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
What is a Business Report?
• A written document that contains information regarding business matters. • Purpose: to improve managerial decisions • Source: data from inside and outside the organization (via the use of ETL) • Format: text + tables + graphs/charts • Distribution: in-print, email, portal/intranet
Business Reporting 3 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
What is a Business Reporting — Organizational View
Business Reporting 4 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Key to Any Successful Report
• Clarity • Brevity • Completeness • Correctness • User-aware (in terms of content and format)
• Formal or Informal — single letter or a memo vs 10-100 pages; cover + summary + text • Report frequency — yearly, monthly, daily, hourly, or live information monitoring • Level of analysis — descriptive, predictive, or prescriptive
Business Reporting 5 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Types of Business Reports
• Metric Management Reports • Help manage business performance through metrics (SLAs for externals; KPIs for internals)
• Can be used as part of Six Sigma and/or TQM • Balanced Scorecard-Type Reports
• Include �nancial, customer, business process, and learning & growth indicators • Dashboard-Type Reports
• Graphical presentation of several performance indicators in a single page using various information visualization techniques
Business Reporting 6 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
The guiding process for Designing Business Reporting: Business Performance Management (BPM)
• Business Performance Management (BPM) is a real-time system that alerts managers to potential opportunities, impending problems and threats, and then empowers them to react through models and collaboration.
• Also called corporate performance management (CPM by Gartner Group), enterprise performance management (EPM by Oracle), strategic enterprise management (SEM by SAP)
Business Reporting 7 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
A Closed-Loop Process to Optimize Business Performance
Business Reporting 8 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Strategize: Where Do We Want to Go?
Strategic planning Common tasks for the strategic planning process: 1. Conduct a current situation analysis 2. Determine the planning horizon 3. Conduct an environment scan 4. Identify critical success factors 5. Complete a gap analysis 6. Create a strategic vision 7. Develop a business strategy 8. Identify strategic objectives and goals
Business Reporting 9 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Monitor/Analyze: How Are We Doing?
• A comprehensive framework for monitoring performance should address two key issues:
• What to monitor? • Critical success factors
Business Reporting 10 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Act and Adjust: What Do We Need to Do Di�erently?
• Success (or mere survival) depends on new projects: creating new products, entering new markets, acquiring new customers (or businesses), or streamlining some process.
• Many new projects and ventures fail! • What is the chance of failure?
• 60% of Hollywood movies fail • 70% of large IT projects fail, . . .
Business Reporting 11 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
The guiding process for Implementing Business Reporting: Business Reporting Systems
When creating reports some aspect of the organization must be considered. • ERP, POS, SCM, CRM, Sensors, Web • Data supply (volume, variety, velocity, . . . ) • Data storage • Business logic • Publication medium • Assurance
Business Reporting 12 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Consider the simpli�ed scenario below:
A typical product order logic
Consider the design of a product or service. To design the said product/service, we need some materials/resources. Thus, we need to estimate how much each resource costs and how much is required. We must check for inventory values to order the required amount. A logical and appropriate supply chain of resources should be considered and scheduled. Purchase orders should be sent out for each resource needed. Each order comes with scheduleddelivery, shipmentinstruction, payment, and the arrival procedure. When we have abundant resources, we must identify them through bar codes, tags, IDs, etc. In the meantime, the marketing department generates demand for the product/service, and the sales department receivesthesalesorders. Costumers’ informationshouldbegatheredtodetermine the delivery of the product/service. If the �nished good is not available in the inventory, a message should be sent to the production department to estimate the next availability date. …
Business Reporting 13 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
A typical product order logic (Continued)
The production team should contact other manufacturers to inquire about the availability of raw materials, tools, etc. The �nance and accounting department then need to be involved for payment and bookkeeping purposes. An estimated date must be found to ful�ll the product/service. During this process, Tax and HR- related activities must be performed concurrently.
ERP software provides a platform to do all of that.
Business Reporting 14 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
A typical product order logic (Continued)
The production team should contact other manufacturers to inquire about the availability of raw materials, tools, etc. The �nance and accounting department then need to be involved for payment and bookkeeping purposes. An estimated date must be found to ful�ll the product/service. During this process, Tax and HR- related activities must be performed concurrently.
ERP software provides a platform to do all of that.
Business Reporting 14 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
A Familiar ERP System you have been using…
• My CSUSM • PeopleSoft Campus Solution Overview
Current ERP giants: • PeopleSoft (Oracle) • SAP and Oracle
Business Reporting 15 – 29
https://my.csusm.edu
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E56917_01/cs9pbr4/eng/cs/lsfn/concept_CampusSolutionsOverview-ab58bf.html
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
A Familiar ERP System you have been using…
• My CSUSM • PeopleSoft Campus Solution Overview
Current ERP giants: • PeopleSoft (Oracle) • SAP and Oracle
Business Reporting 15 – 29
https://my.csusm.edu
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E56917_01/cs9pbr4/eng/cs/lsfn/concept_CampusSolutionsOverview-ab58bf.html
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
A Familiar ERP System you have been using…
• My CSUSM • PeopleSoft Campus Solution Overview
Current ERP giants: • PeopleSoft (Oracle) • SAP and Oracle
Business Reporting 15 – 29
https://my.csusm.edu
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E56917_01/cs9pbr4/eng/cs/lsfn/concept_CampusSolutionsOverview-ab58bf.html
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP Success Case Studies
What are some of the bene�ts of implementing an ERP system? Some successful implementation stories.
• A host of a companies success stories
Business Reporting 16 – 29
https://www.iqms.com/erp-success/
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP Failure Case Studies
What are some of the challenges of implementing an ERP system? Some implementation disaster stories.
• ERP Failure case studies
Business Reporting 17 – 29
https://www.cio.com/article/278677/enterprise-resource-planning-10-famous-erp-disasters-dustups-and-disappointments.html
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP and Business Analytics
• The main advantage of ERP systems for business reporting is the ability to integrate data.
• With this integration, management can make informed business decisions. • Moreover, managers can gain advanced insights when using any business analytics tools used in generating reports.
• The integration capabilities of ERP software outperforms other business software in this scenario
• In contrast, with separate software, data cannot be pooled together easily, and insights are accordingly less powerful.
Business Reporting 18 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
What does ERP mean for Business Reporting
When designing Business Reporting Systems, we should consider the followings. • How are the reports connected to the appropriate ERP components (data acquisition)?
• How doe the automated reporting features of a business analytics system help managers make better decisions?
• How are the business analytics suggestions included in a business report can be streamlined in the ERP system (to allow for automated decision making).
• How are the business analytics suggestions included in a business report connected to back the ERP system (data storage).
Business Reporting 19 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP Alternatives
• POS: Point of Sales, also called Point of Purchase (POP).
A POS System is a system that allows the processing and recording of transactions between a company and its consumers, at the time in which goods/services are purchased. POS is often empowered with features for additional functionalities such as inventory management, CRM, SCM, and �nancial management.
• CRM: Customer-relationship management is an approach to manage a company’s interaction with current and potential customers via data analysis. It often uses customers’ historical transaction data to improve business relationships with customers, speci�cally focusing on customer retention and ultimately driving sales growth.
• SCM: Supply Chain Management.
Business Reporting 20 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP Alternatives
• POS: Point of Sales, also called Point of Purchase (POP). A POS System is a system that allows the processing and recording of transactions between a company and its consumers, at the time in which goods/services are purchased.
POS is often empowered with features for additional functionalities such as inventory management, CRM, SCM, and �nancial management.
• CRM: Customer-relationship management is an approach to manage a company’s interaction with current and potential customers via data analysis. It often uses customers’ historical transaction data to improve business relationships with customers, speci�cally focusing on customer retention and ultimately driving sales growth.
• SCM: Supply Chain Management.
Business Reporting 20 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP Alternatives
• POS: Point of Sales, also called Point of Purchase (POP). A POS System is a system that allows the processing and recording of transactions between a company and its consumers, at the time in which goods/services are purchased. POS is often empowered with features for additional functionalities such as inventory management, CRM, SCM, and �nancial management.
• CRM: Customer-relationship management is an approach to manage a company’s interaction with current and potential customers via data analysis. It often uses customers’ historical transaction data to improve business relationships with customers, speci�cally focusing on customer retention and ultimately driving sales growth.
• SCM: Supply Chain Management.
Business Reporting 20 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP Alternatives
• POS: Point of Sales, also called Point of Purchase (POP). A POS System is a system that allows the processing and recording of transactions between a company and its consumers, at the time in which goods/services are purchased. POS is often empowered with features for additional functionalities such as inventory management, CRM, SCM, and �nancial management.
• CRM: Customer-relationship management is an approach to manage a company’s interaction with current and potential customers via data analysis. It often uses customers’ historical transaction data to improve business relationships with customers, speci�cally focusing on customer retention and ultimately driving sales growth.
• SCM: Supply Chain Management.
Business Reporting 20 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
ERP Alternatives
• POS: Point of Sales, also called Point of Purchase (POP). A POS System is a system that allows the processing and recording of transactions between a company and its consumers, at the time in which goods/services are purchased. POS is often empowered with features for additional functionalities such as inventory management, CRM, SCM, and �nancial management.
• CRM: Customer-relationship management is an approach to manage a company’s interaction with current and potential customers via data analysis. It often uses customers’ historical transaction data to improve business relationships with customers, speci�cally focusing on customer retention and ultimately driving sales growth.
• SCM: Supply Chain Management.
Business Reporting 20 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Business Reporting Types — Revisited: Performance Measurement
Performance Measurement refers to a system that Helps managers in tracking the implementations of business strategy by comparing actual results against strategic goals and objectives
• Comprises systematic comparative methods that indicate progress (or lack thereof) against goals
Business Reporting 21 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
KPIs and Operational Metrics
• A KPI represents a strategic objective and metrics that measure performance against a goal
Targets are not the only way to reach KPI goals or assess performance. • Status monitoring • Targets • Ranges
• Encoding or thresholding • Time frames • Benchmarks
Business Reporting 22 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
KPIs and Operational Metrics
• A KPI represents a strategic objective and metrics that measure performance against a goal
Targets are not the only way to reach KPI goals or assess performance. • Status monitoring • Targets • Ranges
• Encoding or thresholding • Time frames • Benchmarks
Business Reporting 22 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Outcome vs. Drive KPIs Key performance indicator (KPI)
Outcome KPIs (lagging indicators e.g., revenues)
Driver KPIs (leading indicators e.g., sales leads)
Driver KPIs are what we need to measure to gain further insight into outcome KPIs
What might be causing a low revenue?
• We cannot distinguish why or react to a low revenue (an outcome KPI) by looking at revenue only.
• However, we can learn where the organization could potentially establish new markets by measuring leading indicators such as individual purchases, international purchases, social media campaigns, etc.
Business Reporting 23 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Outcome vs. Drive KPIs Key performance indicator (KPI)
Outcome KPIs (lagging indicators e.g., revenues)
Driver KPIs (leading indicators e.g., sales leads)
Driver KPIs are what we need to measure to gain further insight into outcome KPIs
What might be causing a low revenue?
• We cannot distinguish why or react to a low revenue (an outcome KPI) by looking at revenue only.
• However, we can learn where the organization could potentially establish new markets by measuring leading indicators such as individual purchases, international purchases, social media campaigns, etc.
Business Reporting 23 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Metric Measurement Reports
• Simplest form of performance measurement • Written documents – traditionally prepared for print – comprised of KPIs and written commentary.
• Recently, Metric Measurement Reports have been distributed in digital formats – mostly pdf �les – via email.
Business Reporting 24 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Metric Measurement Reports (Example)
Business Reporting 25 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Balanced Scorecard
• A performance measurement and management methodology that helps translate an organization’s �nancial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth objectives and targets into a set of actionable initiatives
“The Balanced Scorecard: Measures That Drive Performance” (HBR, 1992)
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Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Balanced Scorecard
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Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Balanced Scorecard (Example)
© intrafocus.com
Business Reporting 28 – 29
Advanced Business Analytics– Majid Karimi
Summary
• Reports are part of the organizational process. • Business reporting is part of a broader management initiative called Business Performance Management designed with speci�c goals and objectives.
• Business reports are best implemented when their data acquisition is connected directly to the organization’s ERP system.
• Business reports are intermediaries between data warehouses (or ERPs) and decision-makers.
• Data dashboards are the most versatile option when it comes to creating business reports, but they are not the only option. Organizations also utilize Metric Measurement Reports and Metric Measurement Reports.
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Reporting Design
Reporting Implementation
Performance Measurements
