DQ#1 Tati: Essential oil is a concentrated liquid extract of potentially beneficial plants. Hence, the product is natural and from single species of plants, normally in the stems, roots, fruits, and flowers (Fontaine, 2019, p. 135). People use essential oils as a therapeutic intervention to treat different kinds of symptoms through a practice called aromatherapy that focuses on healing the spirit, body, and mind (Fontaine, 2019, p. 133). The essential oils are initially meant for the plant’s protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi (Fontaine, 2019, p. 136). Additionally, it enhances humidity control, infection control, hormonal effects, repelling and attracting insects, animals, and birds, and enhances healing in plants.

Essential oils mostly smell sweet; hence activate the olfactory receptors, which sets off triggering factors to the central nervous about triggering behaviors and memories in the process of treatment or healing (Fontaine, 2019, p. 138). In this manner, it could help someone who has lost the sense of smell to have the ability to smell again and often creates a relaxed feeling, relieving stress anxiety and inducing sleep. Additionally, essential oils can be used in aromatherapy to correct physiological or psychological conditions (What are essential oils? n.d.).

For example, breathing in the chemical molecules from the product will then circulate through the body in the blood to deliver essential properties to treat ailments due to its antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties (Fontaine, 2019, p. 138). Essential oils can be used as an intervention to manage symptoms such as headaches, congestion in the sinus, muscles aches, and fever and are useful in managing insomnia. Researchers should do more studies so that evidence-based practice can be implemented even in hospitals to manage different conditions. Besides, there are patients who often prefer alternative medicine; hence, it would be a great healthcare intervention.

DQ#2 Lisandra: DSM-IV-TR Criteria for PTSD The diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), which include an experienced traumatic event, persistent re-experiencing of the trauma, persistent avoidance of stimuli related to the trauma, the symptoms causing the arousal of trauma must be continuous, disturbance symptoms must occur for more than a month, and the disturbance must cause severe clinical distress. To be diagnosed with PTSD, an individual must have seen a horrific incident that resulted in serious injuries and near-death experiences (Schupp, 2015). The individual must have witnessed the tragedy firsthand, and their reaction to the trauma is great dread, terror, and helplessness. Following a traumatic incident, an individual re-experiences chronic traumas, which are characterized by intrusive painful flashbacks and repeated nightmares about the event. An individual who avoids trauma triggers constantly takes purposeful attempts to dissociate from trauma-related discussions, people, ideas, places, feelings, or activities and lacks a sense of foreshortened future, including marriage, job, or children (Pai et al., 2017). Symptoms of chronic arousal include difficulty concentrating, remaining or going asleep, and having angry outbursts or irritated conduct. Typically, such outbursts and anger manifest as violence against items or people, either physically or verbally. Symptoms of trauma disruption must last at least a month (Pai et al., 2017). Furthermore, the disturbance must result in severe clinical impacts, as well as a decrease in relationships with classmates, siblings, and parents.

PTSD symptoms in children include avoidance of persons or places associated with the trauma, hostility, and a lack of good feelings. A youngster will appear distant or helpless, will feel numb or will reject the occurrence of the incident, will be easily frightened, will lack pleasant feelings, and will have a permanent recollection of the experience. In addition, a kid with PTSD has nightmares and difficulty sleeping; feels agitated when she or he sees something that triggers memories of the event; and so on (De Young & Landolt, 2018). In order for PTSD to be diagnosed, the symptoms must have been triggered by a particular incident.

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c DQ#1 c DQ#2 c DQ#3 Tati: An essential oil is a concentrated liquid extract of a plant that has the potential to be beneficial. As a result, the product is natural and derived from a single plant species, typically in the stems, roots, fruits, and flowers (Fontaine, 2019, p. 135). Aromatherapy is a discipline that focuses on treating the spirit, body, and mind, and people utilize essential oils as a therapeutic intervention to treat a variety of problems (Fontaine, 2019, p. 133). The essential oils were created to defend the plant from bacteria, viruses, and fungi (Fontaine, 2019, p. 136). It also helps plants heal by improving humidity control, infection control, hormonal impacts, repelling and attracting insects, animals, and birds, and repelling and attracting insects, animals, and birds.

Essential oils mostly smell sweet; hence activate the olfactory receptors, which sets off triggering factors to

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