BCJ 565 Terrorism and Homeland Security Final Exam Answers Part 1
Final Exam
Exam ID: 103b78c0-52a1-44bc-b6a0-eb5a3253650f
Battle and Marxist theories are thought of ______ views.
constructivist
relativist
normalist
positivist
A ______ standing refers back to the standing that shapes notion and behaviors of these round you and is taken into account a very powerful standing.
main
grasp
ruling
finite
Which of the next focuses on teams or people who’re assumed to be extra “in danger” for deviant conduct?
normative conception
prevention applications
positivist perspective
folkways
Which social disorganization theorist explored conceptualizations of particular person versus collective efficacy?
Darwin
Sampson
Sutherland
Merton
Which of the next phrases describes a person who turns into concerned in deviance as a sequence of occasions?
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deviant careers
profession deviance
short-term deviance
long-term deviance
Akers discovered that social studying variables had been predictive of the usage of which substances in his 1998 self-report examine?
heroin and methamphetamine
smoking and alcohol
alcohol and marijuana
cocaine and heroin
Which of the next is an instance of office deviance?
having just a few drinks the evening earlier than you’re employed
arriving at work 15 minutes previous to your shift
calling in sick if you find yourself not likely sick
asking for break day to see a physician
In keeping with the textual content, the Web has helped facilitate the transformation of ______ from a psychological phenomenon into one thing sociological.
anorexics and bulimics
gay couples
self-injurers
voluntarily childless
The perfect physique kind is an instance of anomie/pressure as a result of ______.
the perfect physique kind creates an unrealistic expectation amongst members of society
the perfect physique kind is attained in unlawful methods
the perfect physique kind is consultant of the norm and lacks range
the perfect physique kind is simply too simply attained
Which of the next is TRUE concerning random task?
Random task ensures that any variations following the intervention or “experimental” stimulus should have been brought on by the intervention.
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Random task ensures that any similarities following the observational stimulus should have been an “impact” of the intervention.
Random task ensures that any discrepancies following the ethnographic remark should have been correlated with the intervention.
Random task ensures that any parallels between intervention and the “experimental” stimulus should be extraordinarily excessive.
Which of the next is a criticism of labeling theories?
Labeling theories not often have something to say about people, solely teams and locations.
Somewhat than addressing why people commit acts of deviance, labeling theories deal with the circumstances underneath which one is judged as deviant.
There are types of deviance that labeling theories would have a tough time explaining.
Labeling idea is tautological; that’s, by definition, round and not testable.
Each the Marxist and battle theories function from a ______ perspective.
world
micro
macro
meso
Which of the next danger issue domains for deviance onset would come with rebelliousness of friends?
faculty
household
particular person and peer
neighborhood
Random task is essential in experimental analysis as a result of ______.
it assures inside validity is maintained
it assures exterior validity is maintained
it’s a snowball sampling approach
at root, it’s the similar as random choice
A pathway or line of growth over a lifespan is known as a ______.
trajectory
transition
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growth
sample
Marxist and battle theories differ of their definition of ______, along with the coverage implications that stem from every idea.
economics
politics
energy
deviance
______ is essential in understanding deviance as a result of it helps us systematically take into consideration deviance and offers options to the issues we examine.
Information
Speculation
Principle
Coverage
All the following are TRUE concerning spirituality and our understanding of crime, deviance, and desistance EXCEPT:
Quantitative analyses of those knowledge lend no help to the concept that spirituality (closeness to God and church attendance) was associated to desistance.
Spirituality is clearly one thing that can garner extra theoretical and empirical consideration as federal cash is invested into faith-based approaches to reforming criminals and different deviants.
Spirituality, like different “hooks,” comparable to new relationships, occupations, and geographic strikes away from “unhealthy influences,” are additionally more likely to be rigorously studied each quantitatively and qualitatively sooner or later.
Quantitative and qualitative analyses each supply excellent empirical help to the concept that spirituality is expounded to desistance.
Punishing these people who act exterior of the accepted vary of conduct serves the perform of
______.
resocializing them into correct remedy
deterring others who may violate
ethical affirmation or symbolism
rehabilitation
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Subjectively, problematic conceptions are additionally known as ______ and ______ views.
normative; positivistic
normative; reactionist/relativist
social constructionist; normative
social constructionist; reactionist/relativist
Mores are outlined as ______.
on a regular basis norms and easy actions that don’t trigger a serious disturbance if deviated
ethical norms that will generate extra outrage if damaged
ethical norms that can upset folks and obtain formal sanctions
norms backed by official or formal sanctions and are a deviation from norms understood by majority of a bunch
Which of the next statements pertaining to Venezuelan prisons is TRUE?
the prisons in Venezuela are thought of to be the biggest on the planet
penal confinement is prescribed for all felony convictions
the usage of probation as a sentence is excessive
relations should not have visiting rights
______ remark is a method used by which the researchers establish themselves and keep away from deception of the group being noticed.
Covert
Overt
Participant
Laboratory
Patrick is a highschool senior on monitor for a school baseball scholarship. He chooses to not drink at a celebration as a result of he doesn’t need to get caught and benched from his ultimate season. That is an instance of the ______ part of the social bond.
involvement
attachment
perception
dedication
A examine that’s praised for top inside validity would come with which of the next components?
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The themes are randomly assigned and the one distinction between circumstances is that the researcher improvises all the things within the second.
The themes are randomly assigned and the one distinction between circumstances is deliberate, managed, and carried out persistently by the researcher.
The themes are randomly discovered by way of a “snowball sampling” approach.
The themes will not be interacted with by the researcher and should be considered from a one-way wanting glass with the researcher on one facet and the topic being considered by the researcher on the opposite facet.
In keeping with the overall idea of crime, the most important reason behind low self-control is ______.
unhealthy parenting
peer socialization
delayed gratification
lack of schooling
In keeping with the textual content, researchers have proven that differential affiliation and social studying variables are predictive of ______.
psychological issues
schizophrenia
sexual deviance
substance abuse
Which of the next was NOT a discovering in Chambliss’s “The Saints and the Roughnecks” examine?
Those that have much less energy discover it tough to withstand labels.
Communities react otherwise to deviance relying on the group partaking within the deviant act.
People settle for the labels connected to them.
People deny labels ascribed to them.
Turk (2002) argued that capitalist battle is ______, which means it’s designed to maintain employees centered on points selling division, competitors, and us-versus-them mentalities.
useful
a assemble
dialectical
diversionary
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The phrase, “go away the youngsters alone wherever doable,” BEST describes which coverage for coping with delinquent youths?
nonintervention
deinstitutionalization
restorative justice
reintegrative shaming
Shaw and McKay’s work on juveniles discovered that charges of delinquency ______.
appeared to cluster in sure neighborhoods
had been lowest in neighborhoods in or round enterprise and industrial areas
gave the impression to be distributed randomly throughout the neighborhoods
have a tendency to say no as folks moved nearer to the central enterprise district
The ______ philosophy permits battered girls to expertise “horizontal” justice, which is concentrated on the method of fixing the issue.
battle
peacemaking
important race
liberal feminist
Which components affect profession deviance?
onset, battle, resistance
continuation, battle, resistance
onset, resistance, desistance
onset, continuation, desistance
In keeping with power-control idea, ______ represent the first brokers of socialization in households.
siblings
fathers
moms
grandmothers
Which theorist launched operant conditioning to social studying theories?
Edwin Sutherland
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Ronald Akers
Robert Merton
Gresham Sykes
Which inhabitants tends to be the main target of social studying theories?
drug addicts
juvenile delinquents
geriatric sufferers
newborns and toddlers
A researcher is conducting a quasi-experimental analysis design. Which sampling approach will she or he use?
random choice
random task
snowballing approach
nonrandom task
Experimental analysis examines a causal relationship which includes:
trigger and influence
correlation and impact
trigger and impact
correlation and influence
All the following traits of social construction may have an effect on social studying EXCEPT:
differential social group
differential location within the social construction
statistically outlined particular person variables
differential social location in teams
A examine of profession deviance and deviant careers MUST embody a examine of ______.
how deviance adjustments over time
singular situations of deviance
the onset of deviance
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the desistance of deviancy
Which of the next pertaining to Scandinavian prisons is TRUE?
they’re corresponding to the jail programs in Latin America
there isn’t a loss of life penalty or life sentence
prisoners will not be very more likely to be launched as soon as institutionalized
jail cells in Halden, Norway are filthy
In keeping with differential alternative idea, ______ subcultures are thought of “double failures,” as a result of they can’t discover professional or illegitimate subcultures to slot in.
battle
felony
consensus
retreatist
Marx believed that actuality exists within the ______ world.
immaterial
financial
political
materials
Which of the next is NOT acknowledged as a problem to returning to society from serving time in an establishment?
shock to a brand new system after being confined
consequentiality of felony data
stigma of being a convict by society
denial of rehabilitation entry
______ feminists argue that pornography subordinates girls to males, making girls second-class residents.
Vital-porn
Anti-porn
Professional-porn
Collective-porn
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______ establishments describe extreme types of social management, comparable to jails, prisons, juvenile correctional amenities, and psychological hospitals.
Formal
Casual
Complete
Trendy
An fascinating method to study deviance is to take a look at it by which of the next contexts?
political
social
cultural
economical
Survey analysis sometimes asks questions concerning the entire following EXCEPT:
attitudes
behaviors
values
likes/dislikes
______ and belief between neighbors is seen as a mandatory situation for residents to be prepared to intervene for the frequent good.
Particular person efficacy
Social cohesion
Social dysfunction
Loyalty
In keeping with Hirschi, our MOST essential attachment might be to our ______.
associates
friends
dad and mom
siblings
Which of the next theories might clarify the results of familial management on gender variations in crime?
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power-control idea
important race idea
normal idea of crime
self-control idea
______ degree applications of deviance prevention present alternatives and rewards for doing good deeds inside a neighborhood.
Particular person
Major
Group
Peer
Which of the next branches of feminism focuses on gender position socialization?
postmodern feminism
socialist feminism
liberal feminism
radical feminism
Which of the next theorists launched the concepts of integrative shaming and stigmatization results of labeling in his piece “Crime, Disgrace and Reintegration” (1989)?
Tannebaum
Chambliss
Braithwaite
Scheff
Objectively, deviance assumes that a normal set of ______ exist inside a society that guides folks’s actions and behaviors.
professions
actions
norms
official sanctions
What time period does Karl Marx use to seek advice from the laborers of manufacturing?
bourgeoisie
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working class
proletariat
privileged
What forms of social controls exist in society?
formal and casual
constructive and damaging
authorized and unlawful
nice and disagreeable
One can hint social management idea to the 18th century work of ______.
Karl Marx
Cesare Becarria
Cesare Lombroso
Travis Hirschi
Which of the next statements concerning labeling theories is TRUE?
Labeling is a macro-level perspective.
Symbolic interactionists advocate direct remark of the social world.
Labeling theorists argue that reactions to deviant conduct will be ignored.
In defining deviance, the response to the conduct or the particular person will not be as essential.
Guidelines of conduct that information folks’s actions are known as ______.
legal guidelines
folkways
mores
norms
In lots of instances, fraudulent physician practices are geared toward ______.
spiritual establishments
aged sufferers
insurance coverage firms
different medical doctors
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Discrimination and stigma are examples of which components that create limitations confronted in desistance?
particular person components
relational components
societal components
structural components
Restricted help, strained households, pimps, and social isolation are examples of which components that create limitations confronted in desistance?
particular person components
relational components
societal components
structural components
To be able to examine deviant conduct inductively, how do researchers BEST kind a analysis Question Assignment?
Researchers should systematically examine the inhabitants first earlier than making a Question Assignment.
Inductive reasoning consists of finding out folks in managed analysis labs.
A analysis Question Assignment is shaped from preliminary observations, adopted by a scientific technique after the preliminary observations.
Analysis questions are created by way of quantified information obtained by researchers.
______ happens when a person is usually considered as an excellent particular person, however they’ve simply dedicated a nasty deed.
Reintegrative shaming
Stigmatization
Residual shaming
Interpretive shaming
Early Chicago researchers believed that they might discover the causes of crime within the ______.
household construction
financial circumstances of the nation
construction of the surroundings
political surroundings
Many researchers have confirmed that ______ (additionally known as “faith-based approaches”) will be seen as a “hook”—one thing that somebody concerned in profession deviance can seize a maintain of to Help
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them use their very own human company to open doorways out of the approach to life they want to exit. a. collective efficacy
yoga
spirituality
studying a language
______ is understood for questioning the established order.
Feminist criminology
Biocriminology
Postmodern criminology
Peacemaking criminology
______ deviance is understood to evoke stereotypes, comparable to stigma and discrimination.
Bodily
Office
Prison
Sexual
Beckett and Herbert view ______ as “an rising and consequential social management apply. . .
[that] is consequential, much more so than the civility codes that they more and more supplant.”
damaged home windows policing
banishment
reintegrative shaming
collective efficacy
The “gold normal” for figuring out causal relationships is what kind of analysis?
participant remark analysis
subject analysis
experimental analysis
content material Assessment analysis
In keeping with Durkheim, the entire following key components influence suicide fee variations EXCEPT:
regulation of society
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social integration
social change
demographic make-up
______ deviance is outlined as “felony and deviant acts by the biggest companies and essentially the most highly effective political organizations.”
Ethnocentric
Elite
Criminogenic
Company
Who is taken into account the daddy of sociology and an early contributor to anomie/pressure idea?
Edwin Sutherland
Émile Durkheim
Robert Merton
Travis Hirschi
The authors use the ______ analogy to argue a number of theoretical approaches to understanding deviance exists.
scorching canine
salad bar
tossed salad
ice-cream store
How does labeling idea result in secondary deviance?
Labeling alters a person’s self-concept.
Secondary deviance restricts alternatives to adapt.
Labeling creates limitless conforming alternatives.
Labeling discourages involvement in deviant subcultures.
The method by which nonmedical issues develop into outlined and handled as medical issues, often when it comes to sicknesses or issues, is known as ______.
medicalization
development
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demedicalization
deconstruction
Susan is a severe alcoholic that has deserted society’s objectives for fulfillment and has sought illegitimate means to make a residing. Susan will be thought of a(n) ______.
conformist
innovator
retreatist
insurgent
______ analysis research topics of their pure setting, exterior of a laboratory.
Content material Assessment
Quasi-experimental
Survey
Area
The method by which issues or behaviors now not retain medical definitions is known as
______.
medicalization
development
demedicalization
deconstruction
In keeping with positivist/normative conceptions of deviance, deviance is outlined as ______.
behaviors that illicit a definition or label of deviance
inherently deviant behaviors dedicated by criminals
critiques of the social system that exist and create such norms
violations of a rule understood by the vast majority of a bunch
Which of the next forms of folks resided in Shaw and McKay’s “zone in transition”?
rich
working class
educated residents
latest immigrants
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Which of the next strategies would one use to argue that one’s conduct was a mistake or an accident?
the condemnation of the condemners
denial of duty
denial of sufferer
the attraction to larger loyalties
Which of the next theorists put social disorganization as a macro-level management idea the place residents in neighborhoods characterised by poverty, inhabitants turnover, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity can’t management their environments and obtain frequent objectives?
Clifford Shaw
Henry McKay
Ruth Kornhauser
Robert Agnew
Folkway norms are outlined as ______.
every single day norms that don’t trigger a serious disturbance if deviated
ethical norms that can upset folks however don’t face formal sanctions
ethical norms that can upset folks and obtain formal sanctions
norms backed by official or formal sanctions and are a deviation from norms understood by the vast majority of a bunch
Which of the next is an assumption of anomie/pressure theories?
Social order is a product of limitless battle and non permanent decision.
Norms are broadly shared by a society and its members.
Legal guidelines set up social order.
Punishment is an acceptable response for deviance.
All the following are examples of unconventional romantic relationships EXCEPT:
two 25-year-olds, male and feminine
two males
a really younger woman with an older man
polygamists
On the flip of the 20th century, ______ had been seen as the reason for social issues of the day.
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absent fathers
new immigrants
unwed moms
homeless folks
______ theories deal with practices and insurance policies that alleviate structural circumstances and enhance providers for the unvoiced.
Spiritual
Peacemaking
Marxist
Feminist
These advocating from a ______ perspective would say that, as soon as Edward Snowden uncovered PRISM, the federal government ought to have disbanded this system outright due to its Fourth Modification violations.
feminist
important race
battle
peacemaking
Which of the next is NOT a difficulty or concern encountered throughout survey analysis?
figuring out an acceptable pattern dimension
figuring out the analysis Question Assignment and matter
consideration of nationwide surveys and breadth mandatory
the opportunity of a low response fee and making use of it to outcomes
From a social constructionist perspective, deviance is ______.
outlined the identical throughout a number of nations
outlined the identical by a number of societies and subcultures
a conduct that’s inherently deviant
constructed based mostly on interactions of these fast to society and not inherent
Which theorist notably influenced Ron Akers’s 4 ideas of social studying idea?
Edwin Sutherland
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Robert Merton
Travis Hirschi
Gresham Sykes
Which of the next is NOT a criticism of social disorganization theories?
Criminology focuses on people whereas social disorganization focuses on teams and locations over time.
Longitudinal knowledge is dear and tough to gather, due to this fact this idea is restricted.
Social disorganization theories are largely centered on juvenile delinquency and avenue crimes.
Social disorganization theories weren’t utilized on the micro-level.
All the following are thought of precept components of the looking-glass self EXCEPT:
the creativeness of our look to a different particular person
the creativeness of judgment of our look
self-feeling, comparable to pleasure or mortification
conversations with oneself to determine whether or not or to not have interaction in deviance
Which of the next BEST describes a social contract?
a written settlement for conduct based mostly on the norms
when people surrender some private freedoms and abide normal guidelines of conduct
an settlement that’s violated when one conforms to society’s expectations
an settlement that stipulates an agreed upon relationship between the signer and signee
Anomie/pressure theories assume social order is ______.
a results of limitless battle and non permanent decision
established by way of legal guidelines imposed by higher courses
the product of a cohesive set of norms
inconceivable to realize
Analysis on deviance is usually ______, centered on components related to how deviance is distributed throughout totally different teams or components considered causes or penalties of deviance.
historic
experimental
descriptive
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quasi-experimental
Which theorist is understood for growing differential affiliation idea?
Robert Merton
Edwin Sutherland
Ronald Akers
Robert Burgess
Messner and Rosenfeld recognized the values that underlie the American Dream as the entire following EXCEPT:
individualism
materialism
achievement
