What are the characteristics of a black hole? What are some of the remaining mysteries about them? What are the different types of black holes? Some guided math may be required in order to help understand more about black holes.
5 pages including •Title Page •Table of Contents •pages of text absent of pictures •Bibliography (5 sources; 3 web, 2 library) •12-point Times New Roman •Double Space
The project must be written in Astronomical Journal Style
Black Holes
Table of Contents
Black Holes 3
Characteristics of Black Holes 3
Mysteries of Black Holes 4
Conclusion 6
References 6
Black Holes
The black holes are dense with a strong gravitational attraction that has the ability to grasp light when it comes to nearby (NASA.gov, 2020). The black holes were established by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, which is associated to the massive star that dies, leaving behind the small dense remnant core. Therefore, a black exists when the mass of the core is approximately three times the mass of the sun. The observation of the black hole is not done directly by the use of optical instruments but involves the detection of the nearby matter. Astronomers observe the effect of black holes on bodies such as the cloud of interstellar matter, which results in a pattern that can easily be detected. Similarly, the same pattern may also appear as the normal star passes close to a black hole. The interaction between the black holes and the bodies emits the radiations and x-rays into space. Therefore, black holes originate from the remnants of a large star that dies in a supernova explosion. The explosion is whereby the small stars become a dense neutron star, and therefore unable to trap light. The research presents the description of the black holes in terms of the characteristics, types, and relationship with the general theory of relativity.
Characteristics of Black Holes
Black holes have thermodynamics characteristics. The irreducible mass of the body is related to area A and connected by the equation below (Begelman & Rees, 1996)
M_ir=√(A/16π) (1)
This suggests that the area of the horizontal cannot decrease in time through a classical process. The relationship was explained by Stephen Hawking, who formed the analogy with thermodynamics. The laws outline the infinitesimal variations of mass, area, during the interactions of the black hole.
The black holes have quantum characteristics. The black hole radiates particles that are thermal spectrum and associated with parameters such as the temperature of the black body. The relationship can be explained by the analogy below (Chandrasekhar, 1992)
T=h g/2π=〖10〗^(-7) M/M K (2)
Where h is the planks constant. The variation is due to the size of the black holes, for instance, the mini-black holes may evaporate on the timescale which is shorter than the age of the universe
Mysteries of Black Holes
The mystery of the black holes is linked to the misery of the flame by the butterflies whereby the models were discussed, but no one could explain the puzzle (NASA EPDC.gov, 2019). The mystery of the black holes and the story of the butterflies has become an issue of confrontation. The scientists have been gathering instruments such as orbiting telescopes for making observations on the black bodies. The scientist acknowledged the existence of the black holes but with limited information about their nature. The black hole mystery was explained by the physicists who used tools such as general relativity and quantum mechanics for understanding the story of the butterfly. The misery of that the black hole’s accretion disk aligns with black holes equator, although the misery is being investigated through simulation methods.
Types of Black Holes
There are different types of black holes, which include the stellar black holes, supermassive black holes, and intermediate black holes (Redd, 2019). The stellar black holes are considered small but deadly. The origin of the stellar black holes is when the star burns, causing a collapse of the object. The small star, especially with those of three times the mass of the sun, the new core becomes a neutral star during the process. However, when the star is large, it collapses compresses and forms a stellar black hole. The black holes formed through the collapse of the respective stars are always small but have a high density. Such kind of black holes is more than three times the mass of the sun, which makes them have a strong amount of gravitational attraction. The gravitational force of the attraction in the stellar black holes pulls the dust and gas from the surrounding galaxies, making them increase in size. For instance, the Milky Way contains millions of stellar black holes.
The supermassive black holes are considered as the birth of giants. The universe contains several elements of supermassive black holes. The supermassive black holes are extremely large and are millions of times as massive as the sun but having the same diameter size. The supermassive black holes are commonly found in Milk Way. The bodies have the ability to gather dust and gas from the closest bodies because of their sizes. The supermassive black holes are associated with the tiny black holes that merge together. The other processes include the merging of the large gas clouds and the influence of large clusters of dark matter.
The intermediate black holes are neither small size nor large size. The bodies are formed when the star in the cluster collides in a chain reaction. The particles form together and eventually pulled in the center of gravity resulting in a supermassive black hole. The investigation of the intermediate-mass black holes has not been easy for the astronomers due to their nature and characteristics. However, evidence shows that they may exist in the heat of dwarf galaxies.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the mystery of the black holes surrounds their formation and existence. A black hole has different characteristics, such as thermodynamics and quantum, among others. The different types of black holes are associated with the formation and sizes. The current research is based on the investigation of the mysteries by the use of more advanced methods such as simulations.
References
NASA.gov. (2020). Black Holes. Retrieved from https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes
Redd, N. T. (2019, July 11). Black Holes: Facts, Theory & Definition. Retrieved from https://www.space.com/15421-black-holes-facts-formation-discovery-sdcmp.html
NASA EPDC.gov. (2019, November 12). The Mysteries of Black Holes. Retrieved from https://www.txstate-epdc.net/the-mysteries-of-black-holes/
Chandrasekhar, S. (1992). The mathematical theory of black holes. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Begelman, M. C., & Rees, M. (1996). Gravitys fatal attraction: black holes in the Universe. New York: Scientific American Books.
