Psychology
Question:
Answer each question in a minimum of 100 words each. Use correct spelling and grammar. Cite sources as necessary. 1. What are the major parenting styles and how do children’s traits relate to them? 2. How are traits used to describe personality? Which traits seem to provide the most useful information about personality variation? 3. What are the three main eating disorders? How do biological, psychosocial, and social-cultural influences make people more vulnerable to these disorders? 4. Describe how people communicate nonverbally. Is nonverbal the same in all cultures? Give an example of how gestures and facial expressions mean different things in different cultures.
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The major parenting styles are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. These styles describe the way that parents approach their role in raising their children, and are characterized by different levels of warmth, control, and support. Children’s traits can relate to their parents’ parenting style in a number of ways. For example, children who are raised in a supportive and nurturing environment (e.g. by authoritative parents) may develop more positive traits such as self-confidence and independence. On the other hand, children who are raised in a controlling and demanding environment (e.g. by authoritarian parents) may develop more negative traits such as low self-esteem and compliance.
Traits are used to describe personality by identifying consistent patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that are characteristic of an individual. Some of the most useful traits for describing personality variation include the Big Five traits (i.e. openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), as well as other traits such as self-esteem and emotional intelligence. These traits provide insight into an individual’s unique combination of characteristics, and can be used to predict their behavior and responses to different situations.
The three main eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. These disorders are characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and distorted body image, and can have serious physical and psychological consequences. Biological, psychosocial, and social-cultural factors can all contribute to an individual’s vulnerability to these disorders. For example, biological factors such as genetics and hormone levels can influence an individual’s susceptibility to eating disorders. Psychosocial factors such as low self-esteem and a history of trauma can also increase the risk of developing an eating disorder. Finally, social-cultural factors such as the pressure to conform to a thin ideal and the availability of unhealthy food choices can contribute to the development of eating disorders.
