Development Psychology. 1. What are some causal factors that can influence development, personality, temperament and behaviors (please name at least five factors) (give support ) Please explain why these causal factors occur to these influences.
2. Please explain two ways to conduct research and experiments explain why it is important to have informed consent and to be ethical. Why is it important to have boundaries and confidentiality in our field when working with children and adults?
3. Explain the development theorist Piaget, please name/explain all of his stages. Explain assimilation, accommodation, and schema. Which stage is based on direct experience, language and symbols, here and now problem solving, and based on abstract thinking? Explain how Piaget impacts child and adult development. (give support)
4. Explain Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis, define his five psychosexual stages and three subsystems of personality. Please explain what happens developmentally if one becomes fixated in any given stage.
5. Explain Kholberg’s stages of development, explain his theory of development and how can you apply it to child development (give support)
Also explain Vygotsky’s theory and how it affects children’s development.
6. Explain all of Erik Erickson’s psychosocial stages, ages for each, explain each of the stages and how you can apply his stages through the lifespan, (developmentally, physically, and emotionally) from infancy-older adult. Explain what is meant to have a favorable vs. unfavorable ratio and a fixation on a stage, explain the impact on development. (provide support)
7.Explain a behavioral technique discussed in the lecture ppt and how can you apply your technique on a child, adolescence, or adult. Explain the differences between operant and classical conditioning and name the theorists for both.
8. Please explain the stages of prenatal development and briefly describe each stage.
9.Explain the nature vs nurture controversy and 2.Explain the genie study and language development; explain the critical period in development.
10. Explain the Different Stages of Child Birth and the Different Methods of Delivery. Please Explain at least two complications of childbirth and why this might occur please state at least major contributing factors for this.
Define two neonatal reflexes and behaviors; name a motor development and age.
Name a Genetic Disorder
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1. What are some causal factors that can influence development, personality, temperament and behaviors (please name at least five factors) (give support ) Please explain why these causal factors occur to these influences.
There are many factors that can influence development, personality, temperament, and behaviors. Some of the most important factors include:
Genetics: Genes play a role in determining our physical characteristics, as well as our personality traits and temperament.
Environment: The environment in which we grow up can have a major impact on our development. This includes our family, our community, and our culture.
Experiences: The experiences we have throughout our lives also shape who we are. These experiences can be positive or negative, and they can have a lasting impact on our development.
Biological factors: Biological factors, such as our health, can also play a role in our development. For example, children who have chronic health conditions may experience delays in their development.
Psychological factors: Psychological factors, such as our mental health, can also influence our development. For example, children who experience trauma may have difficulty forming healthy relationships.
It is important to note that these factors do not operate in isolation. They interact with each other in complex ways to influence our development. For example, a child who is genetically predisposed to anxiety may be more likely to develop anxiety if they are raised in a stressful environment.
2. Please explain two ways to conduct research and experiments explain why it is important to have informed consent and to be ethical. Why is it important to have boundaries and confidentiality in our field when working with children and adults?
There are many different ways to conduct research and experiments in development psychology. Some of the most common methods include:
Observational research: This involves observing people in their natural environment.
Survey research: This involves asking people questions about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Experimental research: This involves manipulating an independent variable to see how it affects a dependent variable.
It is important to obtain informed consent from participants before conducting any research. Informed consent means that participants understand what the research is about, what their rights are, and how their data will be used. It is also important to be ethical in all research, including protecting participants from harm and respecting their privacy.
Boundaries and confidentiality are also important in development psychology. Boundaries are limits that we set to protect ourselves and our clients. Confidentiality is the promise that we will not share information about our clients with anyone else without their permission.
3. Explain the development theorist Piaget, please name/explain all of his stages. Explain assimilation, accommodation, and schema. Which stage is based on direct experience, language and symbols, here and now problem solving, and based on abstract thinking? Explain how Piaget impacts child and adult development. (give support)
Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who is best known for his theory of cognitive development. Piaget believed that children’s cognitive development progresses through a series of stages, each of which is characterized by a different way of thinking and understanding the world.
The four stages of cognitive development are:
Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years old): In this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and motor skills. They learn to distinguish between themselves and the environment, and they begin to develop object permanence, which is the understanding that objects exist even when they cannot be seen.
Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years old): In this stage, children begin to use symbols, such as words and images, to represent objects and events. They also begin to develop representational thought, which is the ability to think about things that are not present. However, their thinking is still limited by their egocentrism, which is the belief that everyone sees the world the way they do.
Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years old): In this stage, children begin to think logically and systematically about concrete objects and events. They can now understand conservation, which is the understanding that the amount of something stays the same even if its appearance changes.
Formal operational stage (11 to adulthood): In this stage, adolescents and adults can think abstractly and hypothetically. They can now solve problems that involve hypothetical situations, and they can think about the future.
Piaget’s theory has had a major impact on our understanding of child development. His stages provide a framework for understanding how children think and learn, and they have been used to develop educational programs and interventions.
Assimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas. Accommodation is the process of changing existing schemas to accommodate new information. Schemas are mental frameworks that we use to organize and understand information.
