Question 1

1 out of 1 points

                Rashidah is a 55-year-old female who is experiencing acute chest pain and shortness of breath. She describes the pain as “pressure and squeezing.” When she becomes nauseous and light-headed, her son insists that he take her to the emergency room.

Health History: She started smoking when she was 18, attempted to quit several times in her 40s, and had her last cigarette on her 50th birthday. She has been overweight for most of her adult life, but has gained 20 pounds in the last few years, which increased her BMI to 34. The last time she had a physical exam was when she turned 50. Her vital signs and blood test results from that exam are listed below.

BP: 178/90

HDL: 62 mg/dl

LDL: 190 mg/dl

Triglycerides: 174 mg/dl

Total cholesterol: 252 mg/dl

Fasting blood glucose: 128 mg/dl

Which of these statements is most likely correct?                                            

                Selected Answer:             

Question 2

1 out of 1 points

                In the emergency room, multiple tests are performed. Which of these results would confirm myocardial damage?                                               

                Selected Answer:             

 Question 3

1 out of 1 points

                Which of Rashidah’s physical exam lab test results was within normal limits for her age and sex?                                              

                Selected Answer:             

 Question 4

1 out of 1 points

                Given her last physical exam results, Rashidah’s physician believes she has likely had undiagnosed atherosclerosis for years. Briefly describe the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.                                          

                Selected Answer:            Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of arteries from plaque build up on the arterie walls. When there is a build up of plaque it makes it harder for the body to get oxygen rich blood through out the body. If there is too much build up in the ateries it can cause a blockage which can make it more likely to have blood clots

Question 5

1 out of 1 points

Rashidah’s most recent Body Mass Index indicates that she is:                                  

                Selected Answer:             

Obese

Question 6

1 out of 1 points

                Which of the following statements is true?                                         

                Selected Answer:             

Question 7

1 out of 1 points

                A coronary angiography is performed and shows a complete blockage of the LAD. Briefly describe what this means.                                               

Question 8

1 out of 1 points

                Which of the following treatments would help correct Rashidah’s condition?                                     

                Selected Answer:             

Question 9

1 out of 1 points

                Rashidah quit smoking 5 years ago, but still suffered a myocardial infarction. She is tempted to start smoking again since quitting “obviously didn’t make me healthier.” What does research tell us about her future health risks if she resumes smoking?                                            

 Question 10

1 out of 1 points

                Before Rashidah is discharged from the hospital, her care team informs her that she may experience stable angina, a form of chest pain, in the future. Briefly explain how angina is different from the pain associated with a myocardial infarction.                                          

 Question 11

1 out of 1 points

                Roberto is a 78-year-old male who has recently been diagnosed with Class III Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). His physician told him that his left ventricle has become stiff and cannot relax. Although there is no current treatment that can “fix” Roberto’s condition, he is prescribed two medications- an ACE inhibitor and beta blockers.

There are multiple types of CHF. Which of these types does Roberto have?                                        

                Selected Answer:             

 Question 12

0 out of 1 points

                Which of these statements is most likely true of Roberto’s current symptoms?                                 

                Selected Answer:             

Question 13

0 out of 1 points

                Because of the dysfunction of Roberto’s left ventricle, which of these findings is most likely?                                    

                Selected Answer:             

Question 14

1 out of 1 points

                Briefly describe how beta-blockers will influence Roberto’s heart function, specifically the physiology of the ventricles.                                          

 Question 15

1 out of 1 points

                Briefly describe how ACE-inhibitors will influence Roberto’s heart function.                                        

 Question 16

1 out of 1 points

                Roberto’s doctor orders several tests of his heart function, including “ejection fraction.” Briefly explain what an ejection fraction measures. (Include what a normal measurement would be.)                                   

Question 17

1 out of 1 points

                Which of the following conditions may have led to Roberto’s CHF?                                          

                Selected Answer:             

 Question 18

1 out of 1 points

                Which of the following choices is NOT a risk factor for developing CHF?                                 

                Selected Answer:             

 Question 19

0 out of 1 points

                Which heart valve opens to allow blood to leave the left ventricle?                                         

Aortic valve

 Question 20

1 out of 1 points

                Further testing reveals that Roberto has hypertrophy of the left ventricle. How does this finding relate to his diagnosis?