As always, I appreciate when the medications are focused on since this is a pharmacology class.
For the assignment this week you will be creating a powerpoint presentation. I urge you to keep it to the 5-6 slide maximum which will help with the efficiency of my grading. I will be looking for solid references and good reflection regarding the stepwise approach.
Assignment: Asthma and Stepwise Management
Asthma is a respiratory disorder that affects children and adults. Advanced practice nurses often provide treatment to patients with these disorders. Sometimes patients require immediate treatment, making it essential that you recognize and distinguish minor asthma symptoms from serious, life-threatening ones. Since symptoms and attacks are often induced by a trigger, advanced practice nurses must also help patients identify their triggers and recommend appropriate management options. Like many other disorders, there are various approaches to treating and managing care for asthmatic patients depending on individual patient factors.
One method that supports the clinical decision making of drug therapy plans for asthmatic patients is the stepwise approach, which you explore in this Assignment.
To Prepare
• Reflect on drugs used to treat asthmatic patients, including long-term control and quick-relief treatment options for patients. Think about the impact these drugs might have on patients, including adults and children.
• Consider how you might apply the stepwise approach to address the health needs of a patient in your practice.
• Reflect on how stepwise management Helps health care providers and patients in gaining and maintaining control of the disease.
Create
A 5- to 6-slide PowerPoint presentation that can be used in a staff development meeting on presenting different approaches for implementing the stepwise approach for asthma treatment. Be sure to address the following:
• Describe long-term control and quick-relief treatment options for the asthma patient from your practice as well as the impact these drugs might have on your patient.
• Explain the stepwise approach to asthma treatment and management for your patient.
• Explain how stepwise management Helps health care providers and patients in gaining and maintaining control of the disease. Be specific.
All References need doi or http nothing less than 5 years and require a conclusion. 5 slides not including cover and reference. solid references and good reflection regarding the stepwise approach of asthma.
Free Essay Sample
Types of Pain
Acute pain occurs in response to soft tissue injury such as a sprained ankle between 3 to 6 months. It occurs due to activation of peripheral pain receptors and their respective nerve fibers (Becker & McGregor, 2017). Acute pain is experienced after a sudden occurrence that damages soft tissues after a clearly stipulated injury. The cause of acute pain can easily be identified such as pinching a finger against the wall. Acute pain can prolong to become chronic pain if the unresolved issue is not treated. Chronic pain results from ongoing damage or dysfunction of body organs (Petersen et al., 2017). The pain occurs due to damage to the peripheral or central nervous system dysfunction. Chronic pain occurs due to an underlying problem such as internal inflammation (Petersen et al., 2017). It is important for a person to seek treatment in the case of chronic pain to avoid deterioration of the underlying problem.
Referred pain occurs when an internal body organ is damaged, but the pain is experienced in a different body part. Referred pain occurs as a result of primary sensory neurons converging on one tract. Additionally, referred pain occurs away from the point of origin such as ruptured ovarian or pelvic problems (Doménech-García, Palsson, Herrero & Graven-Nielsen, 2016). For example, a problem in the arteries is felt in the left arm. Acute pain stops once an injury is healed while chronic pain is prolonged for a longer period. However, they both occur due to damage or dysfunction of the body tissues (Petersen et al., 2017). Another similarity between referred and chronic pain is that they can last for a long time if the cause of the pain is not resolved.
The selected factors include genetics and gender. The genetic composition has an effect on chronic pain including pelvic pain, dry eye disease and irritable bowel syndrome (Sexton, Cox, Zhao & Wood, 2018). Therefore, pain may be inherited from one generation to another. For example, back pain is one of the hereditary conditions that run in families (Sexton, Cox, Zhao & Wood, 2018). Lumbar disc disease is also hereditary and can affect siblings and close relatives.
Gender has an impact on pain tolerance. Men are more tolerant of painful conditions compared to women. The reason is that men produce pain-relieving chemicals compared to women who have more pain receptors (Petersen et al., 2017). The pain-relieving chemicals include beta-endorphins which are not common in women. Research shows that women experience more pain compared to men when they are undergoing the treatment of diseases such as diabetes or arthritis. The reason is that women have more pain receptors which cause them to feel intense pain compared to men (Sexton, Cox, Zhao & Wood, 2018). Women also experience more pain due to high nerve density. They also have a psychological difference regarding pain compared to men. Women fear pain more than men even before it occurs and they pose helpless then challenged with a severe situation. Additionally, during the menstrual cycle, women experience estrogen imbalance which causes high pain sensitivity.
Acute, chronic and referred pain can occur due to different reasons. The different types of pain are affected by various factors including gender and genetics (Doménech-García, Palsson, Herrero & Graven-Nielsen, 2016). It is thus necessary to seek the appropriate medication on time to avoid deterioration of a problem. A person should also learn the various similarities and differences for easier identification. Acute pain is treated using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and acetaminophen. Bioelectric therapy is also used to moderate pain (Doménech-García, Palsson, Herrero & Graven-Nielsen, 2016). Chronic pain is treated using oral medications including acetaminophen, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Referred pain is treated using muscle relaxants, nerve pain medication, and analgesic.
Conclusion
Acute, chronic and referred pain can cause great discomfort in the body. Acute pain lasts for a short period while chronic pain can be extended beyond 6 months. Referred pain shows that other internal organs have a problem. It is necessary to identify the cause of the pain and administer the right treatment. Additionally, genetics and gender have an effect on the severity of acute, chronic and referred pain. For example, men are more pain resistant compared to women. It is important to understand the similarities and differences and the treatment options available for each type of pain.
References
Becker, B., & McGregor, A. J. (2017). Men, women, and pain. Gender and the Genome, 1(1), 46-50.
Doménech-García, V., Palsson, T. S., Herrero, P., & Graven-Nielsen, T. (2016). Pressure-induced referred pain is expanded by persistent soreness. Pain, 157(5), 1164-1172.
Petersen, K., McLoughlin, R., Brook, S., Hassan, S., de C Williams, A. C., & Denneny, D. (2017). Trigger point manual therapy for the treatment of chronic non‐cancer pain in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(5).
Sexton, J. E., Cox, J. J., Zhao, J., & Wood, J. N. (2018). The genetics of pain: implications for therapeutics. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 58, 123-142.
