Crisis management and emergency preparedness planning for hospitals
Crisis management and emergency preparedness planning are essential for hospitals to ensure the continuity of essential services, the safety of patients and staff, and the effective response to various types of emergencies. Hospitals face many potential hazards, such as natural disasters, pandemics, terrorist attacks, mass casualty incidents, and cyberattacks, that can disrupt their normal operations and overwhelm their capacities. Therefore, hospitals need to develop and implement comprehensive plans that address the following key components:
– Command and control: Establish a clear organizational structure and roles for managing the emergency, coordinate with external partners and stakeholders, and activate the emergency operations center (EOC) when needed.
– Communication: Ensure reliable and timely communication channels within the hospital and with external agencies, such as public health authorities, emergency medical services, media, and the public. Use standardized terminology and protocols to avoid confusion and misinformation.
– Safety and security: Protect the hospital premises, assets, staff, patients, and visitors from potential threats, such as violence, looting, fire, or contamination. Implement security measures, such as access control, surveillance, evacuation, and lockdown procedures.
– Triage: Prioritize the treatment of patients according to their severity and urgency of their conditions, using standardized criteria and tools. Allocate resources and staff accordingly to optimize patient outcomes and reduce mortality and morbidity.
– Surge capacity: Increase the availability of space, staff, supplies, and equipment to cope with the increased demand for medical services during an emergency. Implement strategies such as expanding bed capacity, mobilizing additional staff, activating mutual aid agreements, rationing or substituting scarce resources, and transferring or discharging patients.
– Continuity of essential services: Maintain the delivery of critical functions and services that are vital for patient care and hospital operations, such as power, water, oxygen, laboratory, pharmacy, waste management, and information technology. Identify backup systems and contingency plans in case of disruption or failure.
– Human resources: Manage the health and well-being of hospital staff during an emergency, including their physical, mental, emotional, and social needs. Provide training, education, supervision, support, recognition, and compensation to staff. Address issues such as absenteeism, fatigue, stress, burnout, trauma, and grief.
– Logistics and supply management: Ensure the adequate availability and distribution of essential supplies and equipment for patient care and hospital operations during an emergency. Establish inventory systems, procurement procedures, storage facilities, transportation methods, and distribution networks. Monitor consumption rates and replenish stocks as needed.
– Post-disaster recovery: Restore the normal functioning of the hospital after an emergency as soon as possible. Conduct a debriefing session to evaluate the performance of the hospital during the emergency. Identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges. Implement corrective actions and improvement plans. Document lessons learned and best practices.
To develop a comprehensive crisis management and emergency preparedness plan for a hospital,
the following steps are recommended:
– Conduct a hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA) to identify the most likely and impactful hazards that can affect the hospital.
– Conduct a capacity assessment to determine the current capabilities and gaps of the hospital in terms of space,
staff,
supplies,
and equipment.
– Establish goals,
objectives,
and strategies for each key component of the plan based on the HVA
and capacity assessment results.
– Develop an action plan that specifies the tasks,
responsibilities,
timelines,
and resources for implementing
the strategies.
– Develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) that provide detailed instructions for performing specific functions
and activities during an emergency.
– Develop policies,
protocols,
and guidelines that define the rules,
standards,
and criteria for decision-making
and coordination during an emergency.
– Develop tools,
checklists,
and templates that facilitate data collection,
documentation,
communication,
and reporting during an emergency.
– Develop training,
education,
and exercise programs that enhance the knowledge,
skills,
and competencies of hospital staff in emergency preparedness
and response.
– Develop monitoring,
evaluation,
and quality improvement systems that measure
the effectiveness
and efficiency of the plan
and identify areas for improvement.
The following sources provide more information
and guidance on hospital crisis management
and emergency preparedness planning:
[1] Hospital Emergency Preparedness: An Online Guide for Healthcare Professionals. https://www.edumed.org/resources/hospital-emergency-preparedness/
[2] Hospital Emergency Response Checklist: An All-Hazards Tool for Hospital Administrators
and Emergency Managers. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/publications/hospital-emergency-response-checklist.pdf
[3] Guidelines for Hospital Emergency Preparedness Planning. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/in/guidelines_hospital_emergency.pdf
[4] Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP). https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/hpp/Pages/default.aspx
