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NAME:MOHD FAIRUZ BIN ADDNAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CURRENT STATE OF MEN’S HEALTH IN MALAYSIA
CURRENT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES FOR MEN’S HEALTH
DO WE NEED NATIONAL MEN’S HEALTH POLICY?
INTRODUCTION
In the previous couple of a long time, males’s well being has changing into a major public well being concern. What does it imply to be a wholesome man? The WHO (1946) defines well being as ‘a state of full bodily, psychological, and social well-being and never merely the absence of illness, or infirmity’. This broad definition might be utilized equally to each genders. Prior to now, males’s well being has been narrowly outlined by these illnesses uniquely affecting the male genitourinary tract. Nevertheless, defining males’s well being as illnesses of the male reproductive system ignores holistic nature of well being. There is no such thing as a concrete definition for Men’s Well being. Tan et al. (2013) outline Men’s Well being as a self-discipline that promotes bodily, psychological and social well-being of males all through their life cycle (from boyhood to manhood) and addressing well being issues associated to males.
In lots of components of the world together with in Asia, well being outcomes amongst males persistently worse in comparison with girls. Males have shorter life expectancy and better mortality charges in comparison with girls (Ng et al. 2014).
CURRENT STATE OF MEN’S HEALTH IN MALAYSIA
In Malaysia, life expectancy at beginning for males is 72.6 years in comparison with 77.2 years for girls. Demise fee for males in 2011 was 5.2 per 1,000 inhabitants in comparison with girls which was four.zero per 1,000 inhabitants. In 2006, the most typical causes of demise in males have been ischaemic coronary heart illness, which constituted 13.three% of complete licensed demise adopted by motorcar accidents (7.9%), septicaemia (6.three%), cerebrovascular illness (6.three%) and pneumonia (5.2%).
Latest Nationwide Well being and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2011 (Institute of Public Health 2011) reported that about eight.eight% of males having undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and 21.eight% of males having undiagnosed Hypertension, which have been larger in comparison with girls. It is a worrying development as many males unaware that they’ve these circumstances. Undiagnosed DM and hypertension might result in untimely demise because the main reason behind untimely mortality in Malaysia is ischemic coronary heart illness (Ummi Nadiah et al. 2013). These silent threat components and issues can solely be identified and handled if males attend well being screening.
If we exclude sex-specific most cancers sorts, the incidence charges of widespread cancers have been larger in males than in girls. The commonest most cancers in males was colorectal most cancers, which accounted for 14.5% of the overall incidence of most cancers. This was adopted by lung most cancers (12.2%), nasopharyngeal most cancers (7.eight%; primarily amongst Chinese language), prostate most cancers (7.three%) and leukaemia (6.5%) (Tong et al. 2011).
For psychological well being, primarily based on NHMS IV, most psychological well being issues corresponding to melancholy, suicidal try and nervousness issues have been extra prevalent amongst girls in comparison with males. Apart from that, erectile dysfunction (ED) is essentially the most generally studied male sexual well being situation in Malaysia (Tong et al. 2011). Research by Khoo et al. (2008) amongst growing old males in city space in Malaysia discovered that the prevalence of ED was 70.1% (gentle ED 32.eight%, gentle to average ED 17.7%, average ED 5.1%, and extreme ED 14.5%). Untimely ejaculation (PE) is one other male sexual well being situation that has been studied. The prevalence of PE was 4 to 5 instances larger amongst males with nervousness and melancholy in comparison with males with out these issues (Quek et al. 2008).
CURRENT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES FOR MEN’S HEALTH
Till current years, there are not any particular public well being care providers for males. On the whole, public well being clinics in Malaysia in phrases of supply providers might be divided into Outpatient Division (OPD) and Maternal and Youngster Well being (MCH) clinic with help from different models corresponding to pharmacy, laboratory and others. Well being providers for males are solely accessible at OPD however the providers are meant for common inhabitants. There is no such thing as a particular clinic for males regardless that all of the providers offered corresponding to well being screening and therapy of sickness are associated to males. Different programmes embody stop smoking providers, methadone alternative remedy providers and a few clinics have occupational well being providers.
At OPD, males in a position to have a screening for threat components of cardiovascular illnesses and likewise sexual and urological circumstances by utilizing self-administered questionnaires. There are a number of obstacles exist in the implementation of the screening programmes. Participations from males have been low and there’s a lack of alternative to have an efficient session with well being care suppliers attributable to scarcity of manpower and assets. In 2001, screening programme for colorectal most cancers has been launched nevertheless it was totally carried out in well being clinics after 2010. Screening via faecal occult blood check (FOBT) accomplished yearly for these in excessive threat group. Research by Yusoff et al. (2012) discovered that participation in colorectal most cancers screening in Malaysia particularly amongst males was extraordinarily low.
Ministry of Well being below the Division of Household Well being Improvement has come out with some targets to advertise well being for each women and men. Nevertheless, many actions in the previous till now had prioritised girls and youngster well being attributable to excessive maternal and toddler mortality, which has improved tremendously over time. Nonetheless, the Ministry of Well being, via its varied departments, has been addressing many points associated to males corresponding to non-communicable illnesses and wholesome existence. These programmes have been largely focusing on common inhabitants somewhat than males. An instance is Komuniti Sihat Perkasa Negara (KOSPEN) programme began in July 2013 in effort to take care of rising burden of non-communicable illnesses (NCD) (Ministry of Health 2013). This programme goals to enhance well being of Malaysia citizen by empowering the neighborhood and improve their involvement in well being programmes. Much like earlier wholesome life-style campaigns or programmes, it can’t be denied that each one these well being programmes touched on many points associated to males’s well being. Nevertheless, vital components related to poor well being amongst males corresponding to unwillingness of males to interact in wholesome life-style, applicable well being looking for behaviour, accessibility to males’s well being providers, usually are not being addressed.
DO WE NEED NATIONAL MEN’S HEALTH POLICY?
There was truly an try by the Ministry of Well being to draft a males’s well being coverage. Earlier Minister of Well being in his opening deal with on the First Nationwide Men’s Well being and Ageing Convention 2005 affirmed the significance of selling males’s well being in Malaysia (Chua 2007). Nevertheless, the coverage has nonetheless not materialised for varied causes. Well being coverage is vital to function a framework to advocate and promote males’s well being.
Some developed international locations have already had their very own nationwide males’s well being coverage. An instance is Nationwide Male Well being Coverage in Australia. The Coverage is for male of all ages specializing in partaking males about their well being, elevating consciousness about preventable well being issues affecting males, bettering using current well being assets by males by decreasing entry limitations, and focusing on males with poorer well being outcomes (Ministry for Indigenous Health Rural and Regional Health and Regional Services Delivery Australia 2010).
Our authorities help for males’s well being has been built-in into common well being care supply and seems considerably fragmented. It’s nonetheless very a lot disease-oriented somewhat than deal with males. We have to develop a complete male well being coverage which is each delicate to boys and males’s wants in addition to addressing the well being looking for behaviour of males.
To develop a profitable coverage, we have to combine and cooperate with varied stakeholders, working at completely different ranges corresponding to native, regional and nationwide and likewise combine inside different coverage areas corresponding to schooling and human useful resource. We have to have particular plans and assets for analysis of the coverage and motion plan of implementation. Analysis outcomes must be set in the context of lifelike expectation. The coverage shall deal with key males’s well being points corresponding to NCD threat components and well being looking for behaviour.
CONCLUSION
At present, the well being standing of Malaysia males is somewhat worrying. The strategy in males’s well being in Malaysia remains to be predominantly organ-specific and fragmented because it falls below the accountability of a wide range of specialties and subspecialties. There’s nonetheless appreciable lack of know-how among the many common public and healthcare professionals alike. There’s additionally lack of shut collaboration throughout well being disciplines in addition to governmental and non-governmental companies in the strategy to males’s well being points. The significance of well being screening and wholesome life-style must be burdened to all males and their households. There’s additionally an pressing have to develop an efficient service supply system delicate to males’s wants. Nationwide well being coverage on males’s well being, primarily based on good native and worldwide analysis encompassing bodily and psychosocial dimensions, will definitely encourage males in Malaysia to hunt early skilled recommendation and therapy to enhance each their high quality and amount of life. It is going to additionally Help to create consciousness of the idea of males’s well being to the healthcare professionals and different stakeholders.
REFERENCES
Chua, S. L. 2007. The primary nationwide males’s well being & growing old convention in conjunction with Universiti Malaya’s 100th anniversary. Ministry of Well being, www.moh.gov.my/MohPortal/speechDetail.jsp?action=view&id=369 (Accessed Nov 5).
Institute of Public Well being 2011. Nationwide Well being and Morbidity Survey IV.
Khoo, E. M., H. M. Tan & W. Y. Low 2008. Erectile dysfunction and comorbidities in growing old males: an city crossâ€sectional examine in Malaysia. The journal of sexual medication 5(12): 2925-2934.
Ministry for Indigenous Well being Rural and Regional Well being and Regional Services Supply Australia 2010. Nationwide Male Well being Coverage.
Ministry of Well being 2013. Garis Panduan Perlaksanaan Komuniti Sihat Perkasa Negara (KOSPEN).
Ng, C. J., C. H. Teo, C. C. Okay. Ho, W. P. Tan & H. M. Tan 2014. The standing of males’s well being in Asia. Preventive Drugs 67(zero): 295-302.
Quek, Okay. F., A. A. Sallam, C. H. Ng & C. B. Chua 2008. Prevalence of Sexual Issues and Its Affiliation with Social, Psychological and Bodily Components amongst Males in a Malaysian Inhabitants: A Crossâ€Sectional Research. The journal of sexual medication 5(1): 70-76.
Tan, H., C. Ng, C. Ho & C. Teo 2013. Asian Men’s Well being Report. Basis for Men’s Well being.
Tong, S. F., W. Y. Low & C. J. Ng 2011. Profile of males’s well being in Malaysia: issues and challenges. Asian journal of andrology 13(four): 526.
Ummi Nadiah, Y., M. Diana, O. Azahadi, T. C. Huey, Y. Norzawati & S. Riyanti 2013. Burden of Untimely Mortality in Malaysia. Worldwide Journal of Public Well being Analysis three(1): 249 – 256.
Wilkins, D. 2009. Men’s well being around the globe: a overview of coverage and progress throughout 11 international locations. Journal of Men’s Well being 6(three): 272-272.
Yusoff, H. M., N. Daud, N. M. Noor & A. A. Rahim 2012. Participation and limitations to colorectal most cancers screening in Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal of Most cancers Prevention 13: 3983-3987.
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