Overview of nursing theories
• A principle is a group of associated ideas that suggest actions to information follow.
• Theory is outlined as “a coherent set of normal propositions used as rationalization rules.”
• A nursing principle is a group of ideas, definitions, relationships, assumptions, or propositions derived from nursing fashions or different disciplines that venture a purposeful, systematic view of phenomena by designing particular inter-relationships between ideas for the needs of describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing.
• Kerlinger – theories are outlined as a set of interconnected ideas that present a scientific view of a phenomenon (an observable reality or occasion) that’s each explanatory and predictive.
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Theories are made up of ideas, definitions, fashions, and propositions, all of that are based mostly on assumptions.
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They’re derived utilizing two major strategies:
1. Logical deduction
2. Logical reasoning.
• Nursing theorists make use of each of those approaches.
• Nursing theories are outlined as “makes an attempt to explain or clarify the phenomenon (course of, prevalence, and occasion) referred to as nursing.” – Bourbon (1998)
• Theories are supposed for skilled nurses.
• Theory is outlined as “a inventive and rigorous group of concepts that tasks a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena.”
• A principle means that you can “set up the connection amongst ideas so as to describe, clarify, predict, and management follow.”
Definitions
• Ideas o Ideas are mainly thought autos that embody photographs.
o Ideas are phrases that describe objects, properties, or occasions and are basic constructing blocks of principle.
o Idea sorts embody empirical ideas, inferential ideas, and summary ideas.
• Fashions o Fashions are representations of the interplay of ideas that present patterns.
o Fashions allow nursing principle ideas to be efficiently utilized in nursing follow.
o They supply an outline of the idea’s considering and should show how principle might be utilized in follow, equivalent to by way of particular strategies of Assessment.
• Propositions
o Prepositions are statements that designate how two ideas are associated.
• Course of o A course of is a collection of actions, modifications, or capabilities designed to attain a particular end result.
o Throughout a course of, systematic and steady steps are taken to attain a objective, and assessments and suggestions are used to direct actions towards the objective.
o How these actions are carried out is guided by a particular principle or conceptual framework.
o The best way particular conceptual frameworks and theories outline the individual (affected person), the surroundings, well being, and nursing influences how nursing care is delivered inside the nursing course of.
The importance of nursing theories
• Nursing principle seeks to explain, predict, and clarify nursing phenomena (chinn and jacobs1978).
• It ought to lay the groundwork for nursing follow, contribute to the era of recent data, and point out the place nursing ought to go sooner or later (brown 1964).
• Theory is important as a result of it Helps us in figuring out what we all know and what we have to know (parsons1949).
• By explicitly describing nursing, it helps to differentiate what ought to type the idea of follow; this may be seen as an try by the nursing career to take care of its skilled boundaries.
Theories’ traits
Theories: • Interrelate ideas in such a means that they create a brand new means of taking a look at a particular phenomenon.
• They’re logical in nature.
• They’re generalizable.
• Function the muse for testable hypotheses.
• Enhance the final physique of information inside the self-discipline by way of the validation analysis.
• Are used to information and enhance practitioners’ follow.
• Are in line with different validated theories, legal guidelines, and rules, however will depart unanswered questions that have to be researched
Nursing principle is outlined as “a inventive and rigorous group of concepts that venture a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena.” Nursing theories lay the groundwork for nurses to care for his or her sufferers and information their actions. No matter nursing specialization, theories are in place to ascertain pointers for each broad and particular nursing practices.
Florence Nightingale, the founder of contemporary nursing, recognized nursing theories that had been rooted in nursing training. Nursing, based on her Environmental Theory, “ought to suggest the correct use of recent air, gentle, heat, cleanliness, quiet, and the correct choice and administration of weight-reduction plan – all at least expense of important energy to the affected person.”
Nightingale acknowledged the significance of a affected person’s surroundings to their general well being and well-being by figuring out potential danger components for sickness or situations that may exacerbate an sickness and probably result in loss of life. In consequence, healthcare professionals, together with nurses, started to deal with sufferers in another way, signaling the start of inhabitants well being and public well being.
Florence Nightingale recognized 5 environmental components in her Environmental Theory:
Pure water and recent air
Drainage that works
Sanitation or cleanliness
Direct daylight or gentle
These components had been important in slowing the unfold of contagious illnesses and decreasing mortality and morbidity.
Whereas Florence Nightingale developed the primary nursing principle in 1860, it’s nonetheless very related as we speak. Morbidity and mortality are greater in nations that lack recent air, clear water, environment friendly drainage, cleanliness or sanitation, and light-weight or direct daylight.
What Functions Do Nursing Theories Serve?
Nursing theories function the muse for nursing follow and are important to affected person care. Nursing theories will probably be constantly integrated into tutorial and Magnet hospitals’ insurance policies and procedures to make sure best-practice is used.
Most nurses and establishments will use a wide range of nursing theories of their each day follow reasonably than only one. Most individuals do it unknowingly.
Nursing theories help bedside nurses in evaluating affected person care and basing nursing interventions on the findings.
The theories may give nurses a purpose to make sure selections. A nursing principle in motion might be seen within the care of a Jehovah’s Witnesses affected person who doesn’t consider in blood transfusions. Whereas the affected person could require a blood transfusion, Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care principle provides nurses a stable basis for helping their sufferers whereas additionally permitting them to specific independence and management in caring for themselves. Whereas the nurse could disagree with the affected person’s determination to not obtain a blood transfusion, Orem’s principle means that it’s important to permit the affected person to make the choice and respect it as their very own.
Integration of nursing principle shouldn’t be all the time as apparent as within the previous instance. Nurses and nursing college students, however, should perceive and respect the importance of nursing theories and their impression on modern-day nursing and healthcare.
Who makes use of nursing theories?
Whereas all nurses use nursing theories of their follow, no matter place or specialty, not all nurses are conscious of their implications. Most nursing theories are utilized by nurse educators and nurse researchers usually.
Nurse educators will use nursing theories to create course curricula which are based mostly on instructional rules, analysis, and theories so as to present nursing college students with the data and expertise they should care for his or her sufferers.
Theory-guided analysis will probably be carried out by nurse researchers so as to develop finest practices, predict potential medical issues, and clarify current data.
Metaparadigms in Nursing
Since Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory, there have been quite a few nursing theories launched, together with Imogene King’s Theory of Purpose and Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral System Mannequin. What all of them have in widespread is that they’re all centered on the nursing metaparadigm.
A metaparadigm is a group of theories or concepts that define how a self-discipline ought to function. Fawcett was the primary to categorize nursing metaparadigms into 4 distinct classes.
Nursing Personnel Atmosphere Well being
These 4 ideas are basic to all nursing theories, and the idea is incomplete until they’re recognized and their relevance to the idea is demonstrated.
Moreover, these 4 primary nursing metaparadigms level to a affected person’s holistic care, and their medical well being is linked to the 4 ideas.
Show Nursing Packages for Me
Nursing Theory’s 4 Elementary Ideas
Fawcett’s 4 distinct ideas Help to outline and distinguish nursing from different disciplines and professions. The context and content material of the nursing career have been outlined utilizing these 4 ideas. The individual is an important idea in nursing principle, however learn how to differentiate between them is decided by every theorist’s interpretation of the opposite ideas.
1. Particular person
People, sufferers, teams, households, and communities are all examples of Individuals (often known as Purchasers or Human Beings) who obtain nursing care.
2. The surroundings
The surroundings or state of affairs is outlined because the affected person’s inner and exterior environment. It encompasses all optimistic and damaging situations that have an effect on the affected person, his or her bodily surroundings, equivalent to household, mates, and important others, and the setting during which they obtain their healthcare.
three. Effectively-being
The consumer’s well being is outlined as their stage of wellness or well-being. It could actually imply various things to completely different individuals relying on the affected person, the medical setting, and the well being care supplier.
4. nursing
The traits, attributes, and actions of the nurse who’s offering care on behalf of or along side the consumer.
Nursing Theory Ranges
Nursing theories are labeled into three ranges:
Excellent Nursing Theories
Nursing Theories within the Center
Theories of Nursing Observe
Excellent Nursing Theories
These are theories which are based mostly on broad, summary, and complicated concepts. They function a normal framework for nursing ideas referring to parts equivalent to individuals and well being. These theories are often based mostly on the expertise of the nurse theorist.
Theories of Mid-Vary Nursing
These are theories that target particular points of nursing reasonably than broad ideas. They will emerge from nursing follow, analysis, or theories from associated disciplines.
Theories of Nursing Observe
These are theories that focus much more narrowly on ideas pertaining to a particular affected person inhabitants. These theories have a better direct impression on sufferers than the opposite two varieties of theories. These theories are often utilized by bedside nurses of their each day follow.
In Observe Nursing Theory
Nursing theories are used day by day in follow, even when nurses are unaware of their utility. Theories support within the path of evidence-based analysis, which ends up in finest practices and insurance policies. These insurance policies and procedures defend sufferers whereas offering the absolute best care.
Nursing theories additionally allow nurses to positively affect their sufferers’ well being and well-being past simply caring for them on the bedside. Nursing theory-guided follow improves the standard of care offered and contributes to the development of the nursing career into the twenty-first century.
As a result of most bedside nurses are unlikely to know the theories underlying their follow, their utility is often neglected. Superior follow nurses, nurse students, nurse educators, and nurse researchers are more likely to be educated about present nursing theories and their implications for the nursing career.
Nursing theories ought to proceed to information nursing follow on the bedside and in academia. It permits nurses to supply present finest follow care to their sufferers whereas additionally having an impression on them outdoors of the bedside. Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory was revolutionary within the 1860s, altering the course of nursing and healthcare whereas bettering affected person outcomes by figuring out environmental components which will jeopardize their well being and well-being.
Nursing Theory Regularly Requested Questions
What are the key nursing theories?
All nursing theories contemplate the individual, the surroundings, the well being, and the nurse and are labeled into three hierarchies: grand nursing theories, middle-range nursing theories, and follow stage nursing theories.
What are some nursing principle examples?
The Environmental Theory, the Casey Mannequin of Nursing, the Martha Rogers Theory, the Tidal Mannequin, and the Cultural Care Theory are some examples of nursing theories.
What’s the Casey nursing mannequin?
The Casey Mannequin of Nursing is a nursing mannequin that focuses on 5 points of the child-health relationship: youngster, household, well being, surroundings, and the nurse.
What precisely is Martha Rogers Theory?
The Martha Rogers Nursing Theory views individuals as “unitary” human beings who can’t be divided into components and nursing as a mixture of artwork and science.
What precisely is a nursing partnership mannequin?
It’s a affected person and family-centered care system that emphasizes collaboration, training, help, communication, and collaborative follow.
What are the tidal mannequin’s rules?
The six rules of the tidal mannequin of nursing are: curiosity advantage, thriller investigation, respect of the individual, disaster as a possibility, possession of targets, and pursuit of class.
