What are the effects of superpower intervention on conflict and cooperation in Middle East politics?
Name of Political Science Student, Institutional Affiliation, and Date of Enrollment
When it comes to Middle East politics, what are the consequences of superpower action on conflict and cooperation? (As an example, the United States and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict can be used.)
When it comes to promoting, facilitating, and crediting the end of the conflict between Palestine and Israel, the United States has played a significant role. The financial Helpance provided by the United States to the Israeli military during the war against Palestine was a significant factor in the victory of the Israeli military in the battle against Palestine. As a result of Israel’s military success and dominance over the Arabs in the Middle East, the country gained political strength, which sparked a battle between peace campaigners and settlers seeking to reclaim the land of ancient Israel. Israel’s superpower neighbors, led by the United States, have made significant investments in long-term solutions, providing them with substantial financial help to enable the country to nurture democracy and economic progress.
It was the promotion of peace between Israel and Palestine that resulted in political stability, allowing Israel to be recognized as an independent, democratic country. The Arabs, on the other hand, were vehemently opposed to the foreign invasion, particularly in the commercial and trading sectors. The principal fight fought between the invading countries and Palestine was over the removal of Jewish administration, which the Palestinians opposed. These efforts created a window of opportunity for communication between Palestine and the United States in the sake of promoting peace. The United States’ engagement in the Palestine-Israel war provided a foundation for the establishment of the United States Middle East Policy, which permitted the delivery of sophisticated weapons to Israel, so increasing the economy of the United States and military support to Israel (Cleveland & Bunton, 2018).
The end of the Gulf War, which was accompanied by boundary disputes along the Gulf region, marked the beginning of the impact of US invention in the conflict between Palestine and Israel, through the provision of financial and food supplies during the war period as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union during the war period. The Helpance provided by major countries left Middle Eastern countries with enormous debts, which resulted in the invasion of their natural resources such as oil. This resulted in an economic crisis marked by a fall in oil production and an increase in oil prices, both of which had an impact on the economies of Arab countries.
References
Anderson, B. S., et al (2016). a narrative history of the modern Middle East: rulers, insurgents, and outlaws Stanford University Press is located in Stanford, California.
Cleveland, William L., and Bunton, Michael (2018). An Introduction to the Modern Middle East (4th ed.). Routledge, Boulder, Colorado.
When it came to the Arab-Israeli conflict between 1948 and 1980, what effect(s) did it have on the domestic politics of the Arab countries? (Discuss at least two Arab countries in this section.)
The conflict that existed between the Arabs and Israel was based on the differences between Jewish and Islamic leadership, which differed in their religious views, economic and political orientations. Large-scale peacetime issues were associated with the fighting, which had an impact on nation formation. The Jewish leaders had built a political system that was directed by the community groups that comprised the Israel nation-state. As a result of the conflict between Arab countries, Israel has received a huge number of immigrants, resulting in a significant increase in the country’s population, providing economic, cultural, and social issues for the country’s government.
Upon the conclusion of the conflict, the Palestine Arabs who had migrated to Israel had remained within the boundaries of the state of Israel. The Arabs who remained in Israel were granted citizenship despite the fact that they were considered a possible fifth column. It was the state that built the system that precluded Palestinians in Israel from building a unified representative organization. They were also forced to carry special identification cards and to have a travel permission when traveling within the country. Discrimination in job and wage rates resulted in the alienation of Israel’s Arab population, which exacerbated the strife inside the country. Associated with the Israel-Palestine conflict has been a growing political competition between the two countries, which has resulted in a halt to settlement construction in some areas of Israel that have been annexed by Palestine.
The intensification of the confrontation between Iran and Israel raises concerns about the possibility of a Middle East war erupting, prompting powerful countries such as the United Kingdom, Russia, and France to urge for a re-escalation of the conflict. Israel launched an attack on Syria, capturing and occupying the Golan Heights in southern Syria, where Iranian soldiers joined forces to fight back against the Israeli military. Trials to bring about the abolition of the Jewish state are currently underway, and it is regarded as a political and economic threat to the continuation of the Jewish state (Cleveland & Bunton, 2018). As a result of the conflict, Israel sought Helpance from superpowers in the form of weapons and financial Helpance, posing a threat to Arab countries’ natural resources and escalating the conflict.
References
Anderson, B. S., et al (2016). a narrative history of the modern Middle East: rulers, insurgents, and outlaws Stanford University Press is located in Stanford, California.
Cleveland, William L., and Bunton, Michael (2018). An Introduction to the Modern Middle East (4th ed.). Routledge, Boulder, Colorado.
Write an essay about two of the ‘three Iraq wars,’ specifically: – The Iran-Iraq War, sometimes known as the Gulf War, began in 1991.
Dissect the nature of the conflicts, the primary ’causes,’ and some of the resulting ramifications.
The Iran-Iraq war began in 1980.
During the twentieth century, a dispute erupted along the common border between Iran and Iraq, which divided the two Arab countries. Due to navigational difficulties, the modern Iraqi state is at a competitive disadvantage along the Persian Gulf coast line. Iran launched an attack on Kuwait Island during the fighting between the two countries, while Iraq bargained with the Iranians or used force at times to gain access to Kuwait Island. The discharge that was released together with the Persian Gulf during navigation was sometimes associated with the divide between the two countries. The invasion of Iran by Iraq in 1980, during the presidency of Saddam Hussein, was the primary source of conflict between the two Arab countries. The conflict was sparked by a dispute over oil resources as well as territorial disputes. The waterway that formed the border between the two states was the source of the territorial dispute. Attempts to resolve the dispute were made through the Algiers Agreement in 1975, but the efforts were thwarted by the overthrow of the Shah and the foundation of the Islamic Republic, which renewed the conflict (Anderson, 2016). Weapon superiority was also associated with the war between Iraq and Iran, with Saddam Hussein employing poison gas against Iranian forces. The war between the two countries came to an end in July 1987 as a result of an intervention by the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the passage of Resolution 598. (Anderson, 2016).
The Gulf War began in 1991.
The commencement of the conflict was precipitated by the United States’ invasion of the Persian Gulf in retaliation for the aid that the United States had supplied to the region during the war. In the aftermath of the war, the United States had been providing financial Helpance and food relief to the Iranian people. Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1991, claiming that Kuwait owed Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other adjacent nations a large amount of money incurred during the Iran-Iraq War and demanded repayment (Anderson, 2016). The attack was carried out in order to alleviate the country’s economic crisis, which had resulted from a decrease in oil production and an increase in oil prices controlled by the debtors. As a result of the invasion of Kuwait and Iraq by superpowers, the war caused significant harm to both countries. The Gulf War also Helped Iraq in reducing the tremendous debt that the government had amassed as a result of the Iran-Iraq conflict. The attack was criticized by the Secretary General of the United Nations, who placed a sanction on Iraq as a result of it. In the event that Iraq does not halt its invasion, major countries led by the United States and Britain have vowed to attack the country. The battle came to an end in March 1991 as a result of heavy airstrikes carried out by Operation Desert Storm.
References
Anderson, B. S., et al (2016). A history of the modern Middle East, with rulers, rebels, and rogues as characters. Stanford University Press is located in Stanford, California.
Examine some of the geographical characteristics that identify the Middle East and speculate on how these characteristics may have affected the history of the region’s civilization. Use 1-2 countries as examples to help you communicate your thesis more clearly and effectively.
As well as determining the economic activity of Arab countries, the geographical position also determines the political stability and conflicts that exist between countries. The rivers, seas, geographical character, land shape, and environment provided the countries with the ability to deal with their respective military positions. As well as common resources such as oil, the boundaries between the Arab countries were the most significant sources of strife between them (Cleveland & Bunton, 2018). Landscape and topography had an impact on the flow of subsurface resources such as oil, with areas of high attitude draining oil from the state’s lower regions to countries in the state’s upper regions.
The Fertile Crescent, also known as the Arch of Fertile Agricultural Zone, runs through the Middle East region, forming the civilizational foundations of Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, and Syria, among other countries. For example, a country like Iraq, which is positioned along the Persian Gulf and is defined by the absence of a deep-water port, is a good example. This was detrimental to the country since large ships were unable to pass through easily, hence hampering trade and making it impossible to flee during times of conflict. In addition to the Al-Arab canal, another geographical feature has been linked to the conflict between Iraq and Iran as a result of discharge from the oil industry into the Gulf of Aden (Anderson, 2016). The Kurds were forced to dwell between the borders of Iran and Iraq, which intensified the war even further. Iran Shi’s who came to Iraq to study and pilgrimage were able to reach the Iraqi holy cities of Najaf and Karbala since they were located in a region that was easily accessible.
Mountains and deserts split the Middle East region into six distinct geographical zones, each with its own climate and geography. This has had an impact on the establishment and preservation of cultural traditions throughout the historical region. The Nile River, which serves as the primary mode of transit for traders in the region, has contributed to the region’s economic development. Minerals and oil deposits in the region have historically played a significant role in economic development. Deserts, oasis, and coastal locations along the Persian Gulf are more frequently suitable for permanent settlement than other areas of the world.
References
Anderson, B. S., et al (2016). a narrative history of the modern Middle East: rulers, insurgents, and outlaws Stanford University Press is located in Stanford, California.
Cleveland, William L., and Bunton, Michael (2018). An Introduction to the Modern Middle East (4th ed.). Routledge, Boulder, Colorado.
What is Comparative Politics and how does it work? What is the relationship between it and Political Science in general, and Comparative Government specifically? Provide a brief essay about the logic for the study of Comparative Politics, if you have one.
Comparative politics is a political science that employs an empirical approach on the basis of the comparative method and is based on the comparative method. It is a study of domestic politics, political institutions, and political conflicts among countries that results in the formation of political philosophy in ancient political thought. Compared to other political systems, comparative politics allows for a clearer understanding of them through the identification of differences and similarities. This allows for a better understanding of democracy and freedom and how they are related with different political systems (Calvert, 1993). When it comes to political phenomena, comparative studies are mostly used to compare and contrast the political phenomena of other countries, as well as to determine how people are governed in different geographical areas.
Political comparative studies involve the study of political experience in other countries, which aids in the comparison of the political aspects of the various countries under consideration. Comparative politics is studied through the cross-sectional approach and the area studies approach. Comparative politics study includes political experts from several specific countries and geographical location across the world. The comparative government involves the study of general structure and diversity of government systems across the world as presented by comparative politics. Comparative politics, therefore, helps to study and determine how different government are managed and controlled across the world as presented in the political systems of that particular country.
Political comparative helps to determine the research paradigms and strategies of different political systems. The study has enabled scholars to provide political realities proven by social and natural sciences that determine a country’s governorship. The political research has enabled the provision of valid analysis of the cause of historical political events that have improved human existence. The study, however, does not focus on the internal meaning, motives, feelings, and emotions of individuals but provide collective statistics of the society (Nweke & Orji, 2009). Comparative politics has also enabled a study of the relationship between political events that basically creates a political history of a specific region or country. The study is therefore essential in the study of political systems and diversity in government structures across the world.
Reference
Calvert, P. (1993). An introduction to comparative politics. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Dix, R. H. (1982). The Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes. The Western Political Quarterly, 35(4), 554. doi:10.2307/447341
Nweke E., & Orji, N. (2009). A Handbook of Political Science. Department of Political Science, Ebonyi State University.
