NUR 641E Topic 4: Respiratory System And HEENT: Selected Pathophysiology And Pharmacologic Therapy
Mar 24-30, 2022
Max Points:30
Objectives:
Describe normal pathophysiology and alterations in the pulmonary system and HEENT.
Integrate knowledge of pathophysiology and pharmacology into teaching and educational materials in diverse settings.
Describe a pharmacological intervention using an evidence-based treatment guideline.
Topic 4 DQ 1
Mar 24-26, 2022
Choose a medical condition from the respiratory system or HEENT system and explain the pathophysiology changes that may occur. What patient education would need to be included related to this disorder? Make sure that you select a different medical condition than your peers. Include the name of the medical condition in the subject line so that the medical condition can be followed. Include your references in APA style.
Otitis media that’s new
Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that can happen to both children and adults. It can cause ear pain, fever, agitation, a sore tympanic membrane, and fluid in the middle ear (McCance & Huether, 2018). It is the most common infection in children and newborns and the most common reason people go to the doctor and take medicine around the world (McCance & Huether, 2018). Most of the time, bacteria are to blame for acute otitis media. However, respiratory viruses and certain risk factors can also be to blame. Some of the pathophysiology changes that can be seen are redness of the tympanic membrane that turns opaque and bulging of the membrane caused by fluid buildup (McCance & Huether, 2018).
Patients should be told to see a doctor for a definitive diagnosis and follow-up because antimicrobial therapy could be part of the treatment, especially for children under the age of two (McCance & Huether, 2018). The other symptoms, like pain and fever, should be treated as the doctor tells you to make the patient feel better. Breastfeeding is a protective factor, and the use of bacterial and viral vaccines in young children has led to a drop in the number of cases of middle ear infections (McCance & Huether, 2018). Some types of infections that don’t go away could cause conductive hearing loss, a hole in the eardrum, or the infection to spread to other parts of the body (McCance & Huether, 2018). If the infections keep coming back, tympanostomy tubes could be put in the ears to stop any permanent damage. This is why preventing middle ear infections is so important. Acute otitis media can also be avoided by not smoking, taking care of allergies, avoiding getting a cold, and giving bottles to babies at an upright angle.
References
McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2018). Pathophysiology – e-book: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Mosby. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9780323413206/epub/OPS/xhtml/chp00007.html
Topic 4 DQ 2
Mar 24-28, 2022
Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. Make sure that you select a different medication than your peers. Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. Include your references in APA style.
AUGMENTIN
Augmentin is a combination antibiotic that has both amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium in it. Also, clavulanate, which is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, helps keep bacteria from becoming resistant to amoxicillin by having the same structure as penicillin and stopping beta-lactamase enzymes from working. Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that helps fight bacteria in the body by binding to proteins in the cell wall of bacteria and stopping the bacteria from making their own cell walls.
Some common side effects of augmentin are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, itching, vaginal itching or discharge, or diaper rash. If you have severe stomach pain, diarrhea that is watery or bloody, loss of appetite, little or no urination, or if you bruise or bleed easily, you should tell your doctor.
Augmentin shouldn’t be used by people who have severe kidney disease, an allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics, are breastfeeding, or are taking birth control. It is also not a good idea to take augmentin with a high-fat meal because that makes it harder for the body to absorb the medicine.
References
Evans J, Hannoodee M, Wittler M. Amoxicillin Clavulanate. [As of December 15, 2021]. In StatPearls (on the Internet). Treasure Island, Florida: StatPearls Publishing, January 2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538164/
