BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
Learning objectives:
• Identify the structural layers of arteries and veins.
• Distinguish between the structure of arteries and veins.
• Explain the factors that affect arterial blood flow and blood pressure.
• Define shock, and identify the signs of shock.
• Identify key blood vessels of the cardiac, systemic, and pulmonary circulations.
Introduction:
Blood is transported around the body in 3 different types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries and veins are each composed of 3 distinct layers of tissue while capillaries only have one layer. Blood pressure and flow depend on multiple factors. There are a number of mechanisms by which shock can occur.
We will track blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations noting the major arteries and veins along the path. Enjoy the interactive 3D models for exploring the blood vessels!
Assignment:
Part 1 Complete the activities in the following sections of Anatomy.TV Cardiovascular system: Blood vessels, Blood flow and Pressure, Circulatory Pathways, Vessels of the Trunk, Vessels of the Head and Neck, Vessels of the Limbs
To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A-Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Cardiovascular system>choose assigned sections
You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section.
As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data.
Part 2 Complete the lab report.
Blood vessel Lab report
1. Describe the different types of blood vessels by completing the following chart: (3 points total; 1/4 point per box)
Blood vessel Histological description/special characteristics Function
Large arteries
Medium arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Medium veins
Large veins
2. When a fall in arterial pressure is detected by baroreceptors, how does the cardiovascular center alter the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node to maintain homeostasis? (1 point)
3. Describe the signs and symptoms of shock as described under Blood Flow and Pressure: Shock and Homeostasis. (1 point)
4. Identify the missing arteries from the schematic. (2.5 points; 1/2 point each)
5. Identify the missing arteries from the schematic: (3 points total; ¼ point each)
6. Trace a drop of blood from the heart to the top of the foot by naming the blood vessels from the aorta to the artery that can be felt on the top of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery).
(2 points)
7. Trace a drop of blood from the superior mesenteric vein within the abdomen to the right atrium. Include the major vessels along the path. (1.5 points)
8. a. What is a portal system? (½ point)
b. What is the function of the hepatic portal system? (½ point)
Grading Rubric for Lab Report
Activity Deliverable Points
Part 1 Complete lab activities 15
Part 2 Complete lab report 15
Total Complete all lab activities 30
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BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels lab report.
Blood vessel Lab report
1. Describe the different types of blood vessels by completing the following chart:
Blood vessel Histological description/special characteristics Function
Large arteries Thick, muscular walls that can withstand high blood pressure Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
Medium arteries Thicker walls than capillaries, but thinner than large arteries Carry oxygen-rich blood from the large arteries to the arterioles
Arterioles Very small, muscular arteries that control the flow of blood into capillaries Regulate the flow of blood to the capillaries
Capillaries Single-layered, thin-walled vessels that allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues Allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues
Medium veins Thin walls that allow for the expansion and contraction of the veins Return deoxygenated blood from the capillaries to the heart
Large veins Thin, muscular walls that help to return deoxygenated blood to the heart Return deoxygenated blood to the heart
2. When a fall in arterial pressure is detected by baroreceptors, how does the cardiovascular center alter the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node to maintain homeostasis?
When a fall in arterial pressure is detected by baroreceptors, the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata of the brain increases sympathetic stimulation of the heart and decreases parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. This increases the heart rate and force of contraction, which increases cardiac output and helps to restore arterial pressure to normal.
3. Describe the signs and symptoms of shock as described under Blood Flow and Pressure: Shock and Homeostasis.
The signs and symptoms of shock include:
Rapid, shallow breathing
Cool, clammy skin
Low blood pressure
Rapid heart rate
Confusion
Restlessness
Dizziness
Fainting
4. Identify the missing arteries from the schematic:
schematic of the arteries of the bodyOpens in a new windowResearchGate
schematic of the arteries of the body
The missing arteries are:
The right common carotid artery
The right subclavian artery
The left common carotid artery
The left subclavian artery
5. Identify the missing arteries from the schematic:
schematic of the veins of the bodyOpens in a new windowagefotostock
schematic of the veins of the body
The missing veins are:
The superior vena cava
The inferior vena cava
The portal vein
The hepatic vein
The renal vein
The femoral vein
The popliteal vein
The dorsalis pedis vein
6. Trace a drop of blood from the heart to the top of the foot by naming the blood vessels from the aorta to the artery that can be felt on the top of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery).
The path of a drop of blood from the heart to the top of the foot is:
Aorta
Brachiocephalic artery
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
7. Trace a drop of blood from the superior mesenteric vein within the abdomen to the right atrium. Include the major vessels along the path.
The path of a drop of blood from the superior mesenteric vein within the abdomen to the right atrium is:
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
8. a. What is a portal system?
A portal system is a system of veins that carries blood from one organ to another organ without first returning to the heart.
b. What is the function of the hepatic portal system?
The hepatic portal system carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver. The liver then removes nutrients, toxins, and other substances from the blood before it returns to the heart.
