CCJ4746: Statistics in Criminology
Essay 2: Causality
This essay task is designed to examine your understanding of the fundamentals of causation. Your
submission ought to be roughly 2-Three (minimal 2) pages lengthy. If you’re developing too
quick, you might be in all probability not explaining your solutions sufficient. Should you use exterior sources, please
cite them and embrace a reference checklist.
Directions
Write an essay that addresses every of the next questions. Please quantity or in any other case flag
(e.g., via daring textual content) the start of your reply to every Question Assignment in order that we don’t
mistakenly overlook it when grading. Should you want to embrace equations or statistical symbols, you
can accomplish that in Phrase utilizing the Equation or Image menus on the Insert tab.
1. What are the three fundamental standards for causality? Give an instance of every.
2. What’s spuriousness? Give an instance. How does spuriousness relate to manage variables?
Three. What’s the distinction between (1) a obligatory, ample trigger and (2) a probabilistic,
partial trigger?
four. What’s the distinction between mediation and moderation (use the slides for this one)? Give
an instance of every.
Grades will probably be based mostly on the standards famous in the syllabus.

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