Descriptive Statistics Assignment
Descriptive Statistics Assignment
For additional ancillary materials related to this chapter, please
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Statistical analysis enables researchers to organize, interpret, and
communicate numeric information. Mathematic skill is not
required to grasp statistics—only logical thinking ability is needed.
In this book, we underplay computation. We focus on explaining
which statistics to use in different situations and on how to
understand what statistical results mean.
Statistics can be descriptive or inferential. Descriptive statistics are
used to describe and synthesize data (e.g., a percentage). When a
percentage or other descriptive statistic is calculated from
population data, it is called a parameter . A descriptive index from
a sample is a statistic . Research questions are about parameters,
but researchers calculate statistics to estimate them and use
inferential statistics to make inferences about the population. This
chapter discusses descriptive statistics, and Chapter 17 focuses on
inferential statistics. First we discuss levels of measurement
because the analyses that can be performed depend on how
variables are measured.
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
Scientists have developed a system for classifying measures. The
four levels of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and
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