Develop a 4-6 page holistic intervention plan design to improve the quality of outcomes for your target population and setting.
Reminder: these instructions are an outline. Your headings for these sections should be Intervention Plan Components and not Part 1: Intervention Plan Components.
Part 1: Intervention Plan Components
• Define the major components of an intervention plan for a health promotion, quality improvement, prevention, education, or management need.
• Explain the impact of cultural needs and characteristics of a target population and setting on the development of intervention plan components.
Part 2: Theoretical Foundations
• Evaluate theoretical nursing models, strategies from other disciplines, and health care technologies relevant to an intervention plan.
• Justify the major components of an intervention by referencing relevant and contemporary evidence from the literature and best practices.
Part 3: Stakeholders, Policy, and Regulations
• Analyze the impact of stakeholder needs, health care policy, regulations, and governing bodies relevant to health care practice and specific components of an intervention plan.
Part 4: Ethical and Legal Implications
• Analyze relevant ethical and legal issues related to health care practice, organizational change, and specific components of an intervention plan.
Number of resources: 5–10 resources. (You may use resources previously cited in your literature review to contribute to this number.
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Problem Statement (PICOT)
In the field of healthcare sciences, a problem statement is a simple explanation of a health issue using carefully chosen keywords that directly address the issue at hand and give information about how the issue might be solved. A health issue’s problem statement has five parts: the target population, goals, improvement goals, a comparison, results, and a certain time frame.
This paper talks about the health problem of preeclampsia in African American women who are pregnant and after they give birth. The goal is to teach women about the problems that can happen when they have preeclampsia. The goal is to improve how African American women with preeclampsia are treated in 4 weeks. We can say what the problem is in a few words, as shown below:
P: The target group is African-American women during and after pregnancy.
I: The goal of the treatment is to educate the patient.
C: Comparing the data with people who didn’t go to the doctor to prevent or treat preeclampsia.
O: The goal is to give patients more information about how to treat preeclampsia.
T: 4 weeks’ worth of time.
Why You Should State the Problem
The reason for this project is that there are problems with giving birth, such as preterm birth, the risk of death for premature babies, and bad health outcomes for pregnant and postpartum African American women. High blood pressure and hypertension during and after pregnancy are signs of preeclampsia, which is a serious health problem for mothers. It can be found out if the blood pressure is checked regularly. Preeclampsia can also be seen in urine tests if there are a lot of proteins in the urine. Due to the high risk of complications that come with preeclampsia, this project is very important. This project is needed to improve the health of the target population by helping patients learn more about preeclampsia and how to deal with it.
According to an article in USA Today, more than 50,000 pregnant women have problems while giving birth, and about 700 women die every year because of these problems (Kelly, 2018, para. 7). These statistics show that this project, which focuses on improving the health of the people it’s meant for through patient education, needs to be done.
Who we want to study and where we do it
I chose African American women during and after pregnancy for this project. I chose this group because I am a member of this group and had preeclampsia during one of my pregnancies. African-American women who are pregnant are three times more likely to have a problem than white women who are pregnant. This is because health resources are not distributed equally and there is racial discrimination in society (CDC, 2021, para. 2).
I also talked to a pregnant teacher at my job and got information about a nearby clinic where the teacher gets prenatal care.
Ten to fourteen people come to this clinic every day to talk about prenatal care, on average. During the first two trimesters, they will check in every month. After that, they are told to go to the clinic every two weeks or whenever they need to. In the ninth month of pregnancy, they are called every week to be checked on. Most of the time, preeclampsia happens in the third trimester. Patients who get prenatal care are given better plans for how to handle their health. However, patients who only go to the clinic when they are close to giving birth may have bad health outcomes if they are diagnosed with preeclampsia.
Summary of the Plan for Intervention
The intervention plan this teacher has been practicing with this student includes educating and counseling the patient about how to treat preeclampsia. At the first visit, the patient was given a proper exam and a lab test to figure out what was wrong. The patient was also given an appointment for counseling. During the counseling session, the patients talked about the changes they need to make to their daily routines and diets. They are taught about the nutritional value of the different foods they eat and, if necessary, given a supplement. Patients are asked about their medical history and if they have had any unusual symptoms like swelling around the face, headaches, or vision problems. The assessment of these clinical presentations helps find out if the patient needs low-risk or high-risk care. If the patient is thought to have a high chance of preeclampsia, she suggested a blood test for high blood pressure and other blood tests as part of a plan for prenatal care. Based on lab results, a plan is made to prevent and treat preeclampsia during pregnancy and after giving birth.
Interventional Methods Side by Side
The patient’s appointment schedule is rearranged to come up with an alternative way to carry out the intervention plan. Unlike the first intervention, it is recommended that prenatal care labs and hypertension labs be done before the counseling session. This change in plan is made to avoid delays in between appointments. So, when a patient goes to a clinic for counseling, she will have her required lab reports with her. This makes it easier to figure out how likely it is that she has preeclampsia. If the patient is diagnosed with preeclampsia, she is better advised and taught how to change her diet and daily routine from the very first visit. It will help patients show up to their follow-up appointments more often. At the same time, gynecologists, patient counselors, and other healthcare workers will all be on the same page about how to take care of patients who have a high risk of preeclampsia in the best way possible.
Draft of Better Outcomes for Patients
This project is all about helping pregnant and postpartum African-American women with preeclampsia get better care. For this reason, educating the patient is the most important thing. With the help of counseling sessions at health centers, a pregnant woman learns how to keep her physical symptoms and daily routine in check and in balance. She is told to get used to the changes she needs to make to her diet and way of life to lower her risk of preeclampsia in her last trimester and after she gives birth. She has been told to go to all of her follow-up appointments so that her preeclampsia can be treated better and she can get better health care. Patient education helps meet the goals for this project and helps the group of people chosen to better deal with the problems caused by preeclampsia.
Time Frame
A four-week time frame will be used for this project. This time would include prenatal care during pregnancy and the time that preeclampsia lasts after birth. This time frame will take me 4 weeks, during which I will do my planned interventions and make an assessment. With the help of evidence-based data, this assessment over the chosen time frame will help me show that this project needs to be done. One of the problems I might face is skipping follow-up visits with patients. Aside from that, the patient has follow-up appointments at the clinic, but is not following the recommended care plan. Also, a delayed diagnosis caused by the patient’s carelessness makes it harder to carry out planned care interventions and often leads to bad outcomes for the patient.
Review of the books
Women who are pregnant or have just given birth and have preeclampsia often have bad outcomes because of bad care plans, ineffective interventions, and neglect on the part of the patient. High blood pressure caused by preeclampsia in pregnant women is a common cause of death during labor in the United States. This can be easily avoided with good healthcare resources (Kelly, 2018, para. 1). Preeclampsia can cause problems other than the death of the pregnant woman. These problems include premature birth, organ failure, and breathing problems in the newborn baby.
Preeclampsia can be found when a pregnant woman has signs and symptoms of high blood pressure. Preeclampsia usually starts in the last three months of pregnancy, and it can happen again six to twelve weeks after giving birth. But sometimes, pregnant women can get preeclampsia without showing any major symptoms. This is why healthcare providers should recommend hypertension lab tests and make regular prenatal lab tests a must. When a diagnosis is delayed, there are often high-risk problems during delivery (Mayo Foundation, 2020, pp. 1, 3, 5).
Preeclampsia is a rare health problem that only 8% of pregnant women around the world have to deal with. But complications from preeclampsia can be life-threatening, so this health problem needs to be taken very seriously. When babies are born early because of preeclampsia, before they have been in the womb for 37 weeks, it is very dangerous for both the mother and the child (Preeclampsia, 2020, para. 3).
Diagnoses of preeclampsia include keeping an eye on the patient’s blood pressure and making a chart to keep track of follow-up visits during prenatal care. If a pregnant woman’s blood pressure is consistently at or above 140/90, she should be told to get more lab tests to check for hypertension. Also, an ultrasound is done again at each follow-up appointment to check on the baby’s growth. Hypertension labs may also be suggested if the patient has headaches, blurred vision, swelling of body parts, or weight gain that isn’t healthy. (Herndon, 2021, paras. 8, 9) Keeping a close eye on signs and symptoms helps doctors make an early diagnosis and come up with a better plan for prevention.
African-American people have trouble getting health care services because of their race. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there are differences in the health of African-Americans. The lack of healthcare equity hurts the health of mothers and causes babies to be undernourished. In the United States, the rate of women dying while they are giving birth is much higher than in other developed countries. This is a scary situation that calls for health equity and equal access to health care for everyone, no matter what color, race, or ethnicity they are (Artiga et al., 2020, para. 1).
In the United States, racism has gotten worse in recent years, which has made it more likely for African-American women to die during childbirth. Recent statistics show that the death rate for pregnant African-American women is five times higher than for pregnant white women. African-American women are also 35 times more likely to die after giving birth than women of the most common race in the US. Research shows that states should pay more attention to health equity when making their healthcare policies. Black pregnant women in the US should have the right to the same health care as white pregnant women. During pregnancy and after birth, women should get medical help through a holistic care plan (Black Women, 2020, paras. 1, 7, and 10).
White people are the most powerful group in the United States, and Black people are seen as second-class citizens. Because of this racism and the fact that African-Americans don’t have much money, pregnant Black women are worried about their health. Health care centers don’t pay as much attention to Black patients as they do to White patients. This lack of cultural competence among healthcare providers is very bad for the health of pregnant Black women in the United States (AHA, 2019, paras. 5–7).
Preeclampsia is more likely to happen to African-American pregnant women than to White pregnant women in the United States. Prenatal care providers should also think about the patient’s history of hypertension, if she is older than 40, if she has kidney disease, if she has had more than one child, if she is overweight, or if she has a high body fat percentage. They should also think about her family’s history of preeclampsia (NICHD, n.d., para. 2).
A good treatment plan for preeclampsia depends on when it is found and how bad it is. If it is caught early, it is easy to treat with changes to the diet and medication. But if it’s found in the last month of pregnancy, the patient has a hard time giving birth, and it’s hard to follow the rules and do the right thing. Also, if the delayed diagnosis of preeclampsia seems to have only a small effect, it can be managed with good care for the patient right before delivery and extra care during delivery. If the delayed diagnosis seems serious, it is best to have the baby early so that the mother’s life and the baby’s life are not at risk (Jacobson & Zieve, 2020, paras. 3, 4).
Preeclampsia causes can be treated without drugs by giving the patient information. Patients can be given advice about what they eat and how they sleep. Prenatal care providers recommend eating less salt and fat and drinking more water every day to lower the risk of high blood pressure. People may also be told to take daily walks and do some light exercise. To lower blood pressure, a doctor may prescribe baby aspirin as a drug intervention (APA, 2021, para. 15).
This review of the literature proves that the project needs to be done and that the planned patient outcomes for pregnant African-American women with preeclampsia are important. The above research-based information backs up the intervention plan that focuses mainly on educating patients to get the desired results.
Set up policies for health care
ACOG, or the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, has started a program to make sure that everyone has the same level of health in public health sectors. This program, the Council on Patient Safety in Women’s Health Care, has made health care policies that say all people, regardless of race, should be able to get health care services. African-American pregnant women have a high death rate because of preeclampsia. This is easily avoidable if better health care policies are put into place.
With the help of my project, I want to bring attention to the fact that there aren’t enough policies in place to make sure that African American women can give birth safely. Health for all must be practiced by healthcare centers to make sure that healthcare resources are available and to promote health equity in the community (Preeclampsia Foundation, n.d., paras. 1-3).
Conclusion
This paper talks about how pregnant African-American women are more likely to get the rare medical condition preeclampsia and how it needs to be treated better. It also gives research-based evidence to back up the need for this project and the intervention plan that was made to get the better health outcomes for patients that were wanted.
References
Americans for a Healthy Heart (2019, February 20). Why do complications during pregnancy kill so many black women? www.heart.org. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://www.heart.org/en/news/2019/02/20/why-are-black-women-at-such-a-high-risk-of-dying-from-pregnancy-complications
Artiga, S., Pham, O., Orgera, K., & Ranji, U. (2020, November 10). A Look at Racial Differences in Maternal and Infant Health. KFF. Retrieved September 8, 2022, from https://www.kff.org/report-section/racial-disparities-in-maternal-and-infant-health-an-overview-issue-brief.
New research shows that black women are over three times more likely to die during pregnancy or after giving birth than white women. PRB (n.d.). Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://www.prb.org/resources/black-women-over-three-times-more-likely-to-die-inpregnancy-postpartum-than-white-women-new-research-finds/
Disease Control and Prevention Centers (2021, April 9). Working Together to Reduce Black Maternal Mortality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This information was taken from https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/features/maternal-mortality/index.html on September 8, 2022.
Herndon, J. (2021, October 27). What are the causes and symptoms of preeclampsia? Healthline. Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/preeclampsia
Jacobson, J., & Zieve, D. (2020, October 5). Preeclampsia – self-care. MedlinePlus. Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000606.htm10
Kelly, C. (2018, July 27). What is preeclampsia? and does it still kill women in the US? USA Today. Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/allthemoms/2018/07/27/what-preeclampsia-anddoes-still-kill-women-u-s/795635002/
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2020, March 19). Preeclampsia. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/preeclampsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355745
Preeclampsia Foundation. (n.d.). Hospital Guidelines And The Preeclampsia Patients’ Bill Of Rights. Preeclampsia Foundation – Saving mothers and babies from preeclampsia. Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/communitysupport/hospital-guidelines-and-the-preeclampsia-patients-bill-of-rights
Preeclampsia. American Pregnancy Association. (2021, December 9). Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://americanpregnancy.org/healthypregnancy/pregnancycomplications/preeclampsia/
Preeclampsia. Home. (2020, October). Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/preeclampsia.aspx
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Who is at risk of preeclampsia? Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Retrieved September 8th, 2022, from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/risk
