Johnson’s behaviour system model
Introduction Savannah, Georgia,
• In 1942, she received her B.S.N. from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, and in 1948, she received her M.P.H. from Harvard University in Boston.
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She worked as an associate professor of nursing, a professor of nursing, and an Helpant professor of pediatric nursing at the University of California in Los Angeles from 1949 until her retirement in 1978.
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Johnson emphasized the significance of having research-based understanding about how nursing care affects patients.
System model for behavior
• Dorothy first advocated for “the efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent sickness” in 1968, when she first put forth her nursing care model “.
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Nursing, according to her, “concerns itself with man as an integrated whole and this is the special knowledge of order we require.”
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Johnson presented her idea of the “behavioral system of model for nursing” in 1980. In this work, she defines the behavioral system model.
The meaning of nursing
Nursing, according to her definition, is “an external regulating force that acts to preserve the structure and integration of the patients behaviors at an optimal level under those settings where the behaviors constitute a threat to the bodily or social health, or in which sickness is discovered.”
To help the patient, nursing aims to achieve four things:
1. Whose actions are in line with social expectations.
2. Whose conduct can be changed in a way that promotes biological imperatives
3. Who is able to get the most from a doctor’s knowledge and ability when they are ill.
4. Whose behavior does not indicate unwarranted trauma as a result of illness
Assumptions
Johnson bases the conceptualization of the behavioral system model on a number of levels of assumptions, including the following: assumptions about the system, assumptions about the structure, and assumptions about the functions.
Inferences regarding the system
There are four system assumptions:
The “organization, interaction, interdependency, and integration of the parts and pieces of behaviors that go to make up the system” comes first.
2. A system “tends to achieve a balance among the different forces operating inside and upon it,” and man continually strives to preserve behavioral system equilibrium and steady state by more or less automatically adjusting and adapting to the natural forces impinging upon him.
3. A behavioral system that both necessitates and produces some level of consistency and regularity in conduct is necessary to man; in other words, it is functionally relevant in that it serves a valuable purpose, both for the individual and in social life.
4. System balance “reflect[s] modifications and adaptations that, in some way and to some extent, are successful.”
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assumptions on the composition and operation of each subsystem
• “What [drive] has been stimulated or what [goal] is being sought can be gleaned from the form the behavior takes and the outcomes it accomplishes.”
• Every person has a “predisposition to act in particular ways relative to the aim, rather than in other ones.” This tendency is referred to as “set.”
• Every subsystem has a range of options or a “scope of action”
• The fourth supposition is that it results in “observable outcome,” which is the conduct of the person.
There are three functional requirements for each subsystem.
System needs to be “protected” “against harmful impacts that the system is unable to handle.
2. Each subsystem needs to be “nurtured” by receiving the proper environmental resources.
These actions are “orderly, intentional and predictable and sufficiently consistent and recurrent to be susceptible to description and explanation” 3. Each subsystem must be “stimulated” for usage in order to promote growth and prevent stagnation.
behavioral subsystem of Johnson
“Social inclusion closeness and the establishment and attachment of a strong social relationship” are characteristics of the attachment or affiliative subsystem.
“Approval, attention or recognition and physical support” is the dependency subsystem.
• Digestive subsystem: “The emphasis is on the significance and organization of the social events around the occasion when the food is consumed”
The existence of such a pattern is still varied from culture to culture, although human civilizations have established several socially acceptable actions for excretion of waste.
• Sexual organs: “The conduct in the sexual subsystem is influenced by both biological and social factors.
• A combative subsystem “It relates to actions taken for personal defense and survival. According to Johnson, an aggressive subsystem causes a person to defend themselves when their life or their territory is in danger.
Johnson notes that the accomplishment subsystem “provokes behavior that attempts to dominate the environment in the domains of intellectual, physical, artistic, mechanical, and social skills achievement.”
portrayal of johnson’s model
Goal Affiliation, Dependency, Sexuality, Aggression, Elimination, Ingestion, Achievement ——- set —- choice of behavior —- behavior
• The biological system and the behavioral system are the two fundamental systems that comprise the “human being.” While Nursling focuses on the behavioral system, it is the responsibility of medicine to concentrate on the biological system.
• The term “society” refers to the context in which an individual lives. A person’s conduct is influenced by their surroundings, according to Johnson. “Nursing” has as its main objective fostering homeostasis within the individual. “Health” is a purposeful adaptive reaction, physically, cognitively, emotionally, and socially to internal and external stimuli. Nursing is concerned with the organized and integrated whole, but when a person becomes ill, the primary focus is on preserving a balance in the behavior system.
Nursing procedure Assessment
Grubbs created an Assessment method based on Johnson’s seven subsystems as well as a subsystem she called restorative that concentrated on everyday living activities. A behavioral assessment makes it difficult for the nurse to compile comprehensive data on the biological systems:
• Affiliation \s• Dependency \s• Sexuality \s• Aggression \s• Elimination \s• Ingestion \s• Achievement \s• Restorative
Diagnoses Diagnoses frequently refer to the system as a whole rather than the specific issue at hand. From Johnson’s behavioral system model, Grubb has proposed four categories of nursing diagnoses:
• Insufficiency \s• Discrepancy \s• Incompatibility \s• Dominance
Planning and carrying out
Lack of client involvement in the plan may make it difficult to implement the nursing care connected to the diagnosis. Based on a nursing Assessment of the person’s drive, set behavior, repertoire, and observable behavior, the plan will concentrate on the activities of the nurse to change the client’s behavior. These plans then have a purpose, to bring about homeostasis in a subsystem. The strategy may include safeguarding, nurturing, or stimulating the designated subsystem.
Assessment
The achievement of a goal of balance in the defined subsystems serves as the basis for Assessment. If an individual’s baseline data are available, the nurse may set a target for that person to resume their baseline behavior. The nurse should be able to see the patient reverting to their old behavioral patterns if the targeted behavioral changes do take place. The nursing process under Johnson’s behavioral model is nurse-centered, with the nurse identifying the client’s needs and expressing behavior that is appropriate for those needs.
Johnson’s and a theory’s features
• Johnson’s theory makes use of interrelated notions to offer a new perspective on a phenomenon.
• Theories need to make sense, and Johnson’s hypothesis makes sense.
• Theories must be generalizable yet simple; the theory is both.
• Research studies are carried out using Jonhson’s theory. Theories can serve as the foundation for hypotheses that can be tested.
• Through the study conducted to validate them, theories add to and help grow the corpus of knowledge within the profession.
• Practitioners can use theories to direct and enhance their practice.
• While leaving open-ended questions that need to be addressed, theories must be consistent with other established theories, laws, and principles.
Limitation
• Johnson’s conceptions of the subsystems that make up the behavioral system model are not clearly interrelated.
• Concept definitions are difficult to employ because they are so abstract.
• Developing a hypothesis to test Johnson’s model is challenging.
It is challenging for nurses to use this theory when working with physically disabled individuals because of the theory’s emphasis on the behavioral system.
The approach is very person oriented, thus the client’s family is only taken into account as an environment, which makes it difficult for the nurses working with the group to execute.
Johnson does not specify the anticipated results, but it is implicitly assumed that all people, regardless of culture, will achieve the same result—homeostasis—when one of the system is impacted by nursing application.
The behavioral system model proposed by Johnson is rigid.
Summary The Johnson behavioral system model of nursing care promotes the development of the patient’s effective and efficient behavioral functioning in an effort to ward off sickness. A behavioral system made up of seven behavioral subsystems is referred to as the patient. Drives, sets, choices, and observable behavior are the four structural qualities that each subsystem consists of.
Each subsystem has three functional requirements: (1) defense against harmful effects, (2) supply of a nurturing environment, and (3) promotion of growth.
There is always some degree of disequilibrium in each system.
The client’s return to a state of equilibrium is the nurse’s responsibility.
