Guidelines of Visible Encoding
No unjus3fied 3D: Energy of the aircraft
• high-ranked spa3al posi3on channels: planar spa3al posi3on – not depth!
No unjus3fied 3D: Hazard of depth • we don’t actually dwell in 3D: we see in 2.05D • purchase extra information on picture aircraft rapidly from eye actions –purchase extra information for depth slower, from head/physique mo3on
Occlusion hides informa3on
• Occlusion • interac3on complexity
[Distor(onViewingTechniques for 3D Data.Carpendale et al.InfoVis1996.]
Perspec3ve distor3on loses informa3on
• perspec3ve distor3on – interferes with all measurement channel encodings – energy of the aircraft is misplaced!
[Visualizing the Results of Mul(mediaWeb Search Engines. Mukherjea, Hirata, and Hara. InfoVis 96]
Tilted textual content isn’t legible
• textual content legibility • far worse when 3lted from picture aircraft
[Visualizing the World- Wide Web with the Naviga(onal View Builder. Mukherjea and Foley. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 1995.]
No unjus3fied 3D instance : Timeseries knowledge
• extruded curves: detailed comparisons unimaginable
[Cluster and Calendar based Visualiza(on of Time Series Data. van Wijk and van Selow, Proc. InfoVis 99.]
No unjus3fied 3D instance : Remodel for brand new knowledge abstrac3on
• derived knowledge: cluster hierarchy • juxtapose mul3ple views: calendar, superimposed 2D curves
Jus3fied 3D: form percep3on
• advantages outweigh prices when process is form percep3on for 3D spa3al knowledge
• interac3ve naviga3on helps synthesis throughout many viewpoints
[Image-Based Streamline Genera(on and Rendering. Li and Shen. IEEE Trans. Visualiza(on and Computer Graphics (TVCG) 13:3 (2007), 630–640.]
No unjus3fied 3D • 3D legi3mate for true 3D spa3al knowledge • 3D wants very cautious jus3fica3on for summary knowledge – enthusiasm in 1990s, however now skep3cism – be particularly cautious with 3D for level clouds or networks
[WEBPATH-a three dimensional Web history. Frecon and Smith. Proc. InfoVis 1999]
No unjus3fied 2D • contemplate whether or not community knowledge requires 2D spa3al format – particularly if studying textual content is central to process!
– arranging as community means decrease informa3on density and more durable label lookup in comparison with textual content lists
• advantages outweigh prices when topological construction/context essential for process – be particularly cautious for search outcomes, doc collec3ons, ontologies
Eyes beat reminiscence • precept: exterior cogni3on vs. inner reminiscence
– straightforward to check by transferring eyes between side-by-side views – more durable to check seen merchandise to reminiscence of what you noticed
• implica3ons for anima3on – nice for choreographed storytelling – nice for transi3ons between two states – poor for a lot of states with modifications all over the place
• contemplate small mul3ples as a substitute
Eyes beat reminiscence instance: Cerebral
• small mul3ples: one graph occasion per experimental condi3on – similar spa3al format – colour otherwise, by condi3on
[Cerebral:Visualizing Mul(ple Experimental Condi(ons on a Graph with Biological Context. Barsky, Munzner, Gardy, and Kincaid. IEEE Trans. Visualiza(on and Computer Graphics (Proc. InfoVis 2008) 14:6 (2008), 1253–1260.]
Why not anima3on? • disparate frames and
areas: comparability tough – vs con3guous frames – vs small area – vs coherent mo3on of group
• change blindness – even main modifications tough to no3ce if psychological buffer wiped
• protected particular case – animated transi3ons
Resolu3on beats immersion • immersion usually not useful for summary knowledge
– don’t want sense of presence or stereoscopic 3D • resolu3on rather more essential
– pixels are the scarcest useful resource – desktop even be[er for workflow integra3on
• virtual reality for abstract data very difficult to jus3fy
[Development of an informa(on visualiza(on tool using virtual reality. Kirner and Mar(ns. Proc. Symp.Applied Compu(ng 2000]
Overview first, zoom and filter, particulars on demand
• influen3al mantra from Shneiderman [The Eyes HaveIt:ATask by DataTypeTaxonomy for Informa(onVisualiza(ons. Shneiderman. Proc. IEEE Visual Languages, pp. 336–343, 1996.]
• overview = abstract – microcosm of full vis design drawback
• Nuances – past simply two ranges: mul3-scale construction – tough when scale enormous: quit on overview and browse native neighborhoods?
[Search, Show Context, Expand on Demand: Suppor(ng Large Graph Explora(on with Degree-of-Interest. van Ham and Perer.IEEETrans.Visualiza(on and Computer Graphics (Proc.InfoVis 2009) 15:6 (2009), 953–960.]
Func3on first, kind subsequent
• begin with give attention to func3onality – straigh`orward to enhance aesthe3cs in a while, as refinement
– if no exper3se in-house, discover good graphic designer to work with
• harmful to start out with aesthe3cs – often unimaginable so as to add func3on retroac3vely
Artery Visualiza3ons for Coronary heart Illness Analysis
HemoViz: Design research + evalua3on
• forma3ve research with consultants – process taxonomy
• HemoViz design • deploy a[empt fails
– experts balk: demand 3D and rainbows
• quan3ta3ve user study – med students, real data – 91% with 2D/diverging vs 39% with 3D/ rainbows
– experts willing to use
[Fig 1. Borkin et al. Artery Visualiza(ons for Heart Disease Diagnosis. Proc InfoVis 2011.]]
Research Outcomes: Error
Research Outcomes: Time
Cri3que • many strengths
– cautious and properly jus3fied design, convincing human-subjects experiment • bringing visualiza3on greatest prac3ces to medical area
• Limita3on – paper doesn’t clearly talk why colormap is diverging not sequen3al
• reply by electronic mail • medical doctors care about extraordinarily excessive and intensely low ESS (scalar) values
– excessive values (prime of scale, darkish gray): excessive blood stream pa[erns could relate to coronary heart malfunc3ons – however not imminently life threatening and do not point out plaque loca3ons
– low values (bo[om of scale, darkish purple): very diseased areas with a number of plaque, docs care lots! – a lot debate from medical doctors on the place is boundary between “regular” and “low” ESS values • most suppose under three Pa are indica3ve of illness however many argue different values within the 2-Four vary. • all docs agree that values under 2 Pa are more and more harmful illness ranges. • thus map has transi3on at three Pa for the diverging level and really purple under 2 Pa
• why con3nuous not segmented? – medical doctors acquire large perception by seeing the refined pa[erning of the ESS values – par3cularly various values in purple area – pa[erns Help them perceive illness development
and severity • particularly helpful for deciding what kinds of interven3ons to prescribe for the pa3ent
Additional Studying
• Exploring and Decreasing the Results of Orienta(on on Textual content Readability in Volumetric Shows. Grossman et al. CHI 2007
