Middle-range theories have significant use in practice. Students will interact with the four categories of the middle-range theory presented in Peterson & Bredlow (2020) to develop knowledge of the assignment.
Guidelines
Middle Range Theory Report:
Assignment structure for middle-range theories will be based on the categories reported in Peterson & Bredlow (2020)
Begin plan to report on middle-range theories report/project per rubric.
Select/assign middle range theory for the report and submit an outline of the report
Submit 3 annotated bibliography summaries of literature sources related to selected/assigned middle range theory
The report will be presented in Module 8. Use criteria and direction provided for the report.
Middle Range Theory Description Report & Presentation Guideline/Direction:
Using information from the reading and relevant literature search, develop a middle-range nursing theory/theorist description report for presentation. The following three major criteria should be addressed in the report:
Theorist Background
Describe the theory identification, why it was chosen (if applicable), or personal relevance
Describe the theorist’s background in detail and discuss how their experiences impacted the theory’s development.
Source theory information from the original/primary work of the theorist. May complement report from current work of the theorist and other authors writing about the selected theory and cite them.
2. Theory Description
Identify the phenomenon of concern or problems addressed by the theory.
Explain whether the theory uses deductive, inductive or retroductive reasoning. Provide evidence to support your conclusion.
Describe the major concepts of the theory. How are they defined (theoretically and/or operationally)? Is the author consistent in the use of the concepts and other terms in the theory?
Interpret how the concepts are defined – Implicitly or explicitly. Provide an example from the theorist’s published information to support your interpretation.
Describe the relationships (propositions) among the major concepts with an example from the theorist’s published information.
3. Theory Assessment:
Identify explicit and/or implicit assumptions (values/beliefs) underlying the theory. On what major assumptions does the theory build?
Examine if the theory has a description of the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm. If so, how are they explained in the theory If the metapardigm is not explained, what elements do you see as relevant to the theory, and why
Discuss the clarity of the theory. Did it have lucidness and consistency?
must be in APA format
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Theorist Background
The theorist for this report is Dorothea Orem. Orem was a nurse theorist and educator who developed a self-care deficit theory of nursing. She was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914 and graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1939. Orem worked as a nurse for many years before becoming a professor at the University of Maryland School of Nursing. She retired from teaching in 1985 but continued to write and publish until her death in 2005.
Orem’s self-care deficit theory is a middle-range theory that focuses on the individual’s ability to meet their own self-care needs. The theory states that individuals have a basic need for self-care and that they are responsible for meeting these needs. However, some individuals may be unable to meet their own self-care needs due to illness, disability, or other factors. In these cases, nurses can provide Helpance to help individuals meet their self-care needs.
Theory Description
The phenomenon of concern or problems addressed by Orem’s theory is the individual’s ability to meet their own self-care needs. The theory uses deductive reasoning to explain how nurses can help individuals meet their self-care needs. The major concepts of the theory are self-care, self-care deficit, nursing systems, and nursing process.
Self-care is defined as “the performance of actions to maintain life, health, and well-being.” Self-care deficit is defined as “the inability of an individual to perform self-care actions to a sufficient degree.” Nursing systems are defined as “the means by which nurses provide Helpance to individuals with self-care.” Nursing process is defined as “the systematic process by which nurses provide nursing care.”
The relationships (propositions) among the major concepts are as follows:
Self-care is necessary for individuals to maintain life, health, and well-being.
Individuals may be unable to meet their own self-care needs due to illness, disability, or other factors.
Nurses can provide Helpance to help individuals meet their self-care needs.
The type of nursing Helpance that is needed depends on the individual’s self-care deficit.
The nursing process is used to provide nursing Helpance.
Theory Assessment
The explicit and/or implicit assumptions (values/beliefs) underlying Orem’s theory include the following:
Individuals are responsible for their own health.
Nurses have a professional responsibility to help individuals meet their self-care needs.
Nursing is a helping profession.
The nursing process is a systematic approach to providing nursing care.
Orem’s theory does not explicitly describe the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm (person, environment, health, and nursing). However, the theory can be interpreted as implicitly describing these concepts. For example, the concept of person can be interpreted as the individual who is seeking nursing Helpance. The concept of environment can be interpreted as the physical and social environment in which the individual lives. The concept of health can be interpreted as the individual’s ability to meet their self-care needs. The concept of nursing can be interpreted as the professional Helpance that nurses provide to help individuals meet their self-care needs.
Orem’s theory is a well-developed and widely used middle-range theory. The theory has been tested in research studies and has been found to be effective in helping individuals meet their self-care needs. The theory is also clear and consistent.
References
Orem, D. E. (2001). Nursing: Concepts of practice (6th ed.). New York, NY: Mosby.
Peterson, S. J., & Bredlow, T. (2020). Middle-range theories in nursing: A practical guide to theory-based research and practice. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
