Mr. EBR is a 74-year-old retired Hispanic gentleman with known coronary artery disease (CAD), who presents to your clinic with substernal chest pain for the past 3 months. It is not positional; it reliably occurs with exertion, approximately one to two times daily, and is relieved with rest, or one or two sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) tabs. It is similar in quality, but is much less severe, than the chest pain that occurred with his previous inferior myocardial infarction (MI) 3 years ago. Until the past 3 months, he has felt well.
The chest pain is accompanied by diaphoresis and nausea, but no shortness of breath (SOB) or palpitations. He does not vomit. He denies orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), syncope, presyncope, dizziness, lightheadedness, and symptoms of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). An echocardiogram done after his MI demonstrated a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Other medical problems include well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), well-controlled hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia, with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) at goal. He also has stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic neuropathy. He no longer smokes and does not use alcohol or recreational drugs. His daily medications include: Atenolol 25 mg PO bid, Lisinopril 20 mg PO bid, aspirin 81 mg PO daily, Simvastatin 80 mg PO each evening, and metformin 500 mg PO bid. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), well-controlled high blood pressure (HTN), and high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) at goal, are some other medical problems. He also has chronic kidney disease (CKD) in stage 3 and nerve damage from diabetes. He no longer smokes and doesn’t drink or do drugs for fun. Atenolol 25 mg PO twice a day, Lisinopril 20 mg PO twice a day, aspirin 81 mg PO every day, Simvastatin 80 mg PO every evening, and metformin 500 mg PO twice a day are all medicines he takes every day.
Mr. EBR’s physical examination includes the following: height 68 inches, weight 185 lb, Blood pressure (BP) 126/78, heart rate (HR) 64, Respiratory rate (RR) 16, and temperature 98.6°F orally. He is alert and oriented, and in no apparent distress (NAD). His neck is without jugular venous distention (JVD) or carotid bruits. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Cardiovascular: normal S1 & S2, RRR, without rubs, murmurs or gallops. Abdomen has active bowel tones and is soft, nontender, and nondistended (NTND). Extremities are without clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. Distal pedal pulses are 2+ bilaterally
What would you add to the current treatment plan? Why?
Would you discontinue any of the currently prescribed medication? Why or why not?
How does the diagnosis stage 3 chronic kidney disease affect your choices?
Why is the patient prescribed more than one antihypertensive?
What is the benefit of the aspirin therapy in this patient?
Discussion Question #2
List three classes of drugs affecting the Hematopoietic System. List the mechanism of action for each class of drug. Choose one medication from the three classes and discuss what disorder the drug is used to treat? How often the medication is given? What labs should get monitored while the patient is taking this medication? Your response should be at least 350 words.
Designing Effective Studies through Mixed Methodologies
Psychology. Psychology Record of Learning Length: 750 Words Quantitative research module Aims This module will enable students to critically appraise the variety of counting-based research methods that have been developed to make such enquiries. It will further enable students to design, conduct, and critique quantitative studies. Learning outcomes On successful completion of the module, students […]
