What are Nursing Theories?
Nursing theories are organized bodies of knowledge that define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it. They provide a framework for understanding the nature, scope, and purpose of nursing as a profession and a discipline. Nursing theories also guide nursing practice, research, education, and administration by offering concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions that describe, explain, predict, and prescribe phenomena related to nursing.
Nursing theories are important because they help nurses to identify their own unique body of knowledge that is separate from other disciplines, such as medicine. Nursing theories also help nurses to develop a scientific basis for their practice and to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of their interventions. Furthermore, nursing theories help nurses to communicate with other health professionals and the public about their role and contribution to health care.
There are different types or classifications of nursing theories based on various criteria, such as level of abstraction, goal orientation, or philosophical perspective. Some of the common types of nursing theories are:
– Grand nursing theories: These are the most abstract and general theories that provide a broad perspective on nursing phenomena. They are usually based on philosophical or conceptual models that attempt to explain the nature of nursing as a whole. Examples of grand nursing theories are Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory, Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings, and Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory.
– Middle-range nursing theories: These are more specific and focused theories that address a particular aspect or domain of nursing practice, research, or education. They are usually derived from or tested by empirical evidence and have more practical applications than grand nursing theories. Examples of middle-range nursing theories are Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations, Betty Neuman’s Systems Model, and Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring.
– Practice-level nursing theories: These are the most concrete and narrow theories that guide the actions and decisions of nurses in specific situations or contexts. They are usually based on clinical experience or practice guidelines and have direct relevance to patient care. Examples of practice-level nursing theories are Ida Orlando’s Deliberative Nursing Process Theory, Patricia Benner’s From Novice to Expert Model, and Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring.
Nursing theories can also be classified by their goal orientation, which refers to the main purpose or function of the theory. Some of the common types of goal-oriented nursing theories are:
– Descriptive theories: These are theories that describe or classify phenomena without explaining their causes or consequences. They help nurses to observe, document, and understand what is happening in their practice. Examples of descriptive theories are Faye Abdellah’s 21 Nursing Problems Theory, Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral System Model, and Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model.
– Explanatory theories: These are theories that explain or analyze the reasons or mechanisms behind phenomena. They help nurses to understand why things happen the way they do and to predict outcomes or effects. Examples of explanatory theories are Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment, Betty Neuman’s Systems Model, and Rosemarie Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming.
– Prescriptive theories: These are theories that prescribe or recommend actions or interventions to achieve desired goals or outcomes. They help nurses to plan, implement, and evaluate their practice and to improve patient care. Examples of prescriptive theories are Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory, Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model, and Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care Theory.
Nursing theories can also be classified by their philosophical perspective, which refers to the underlying worldview or belief system that guides the development and use of the theory. Some of the common types of philosophical perspectives in nursing theories are:
– Empiricism: This is the perspective that emphasizes observation, measurement, and experimentation as the sources of knowledge. Empirical nursing theories are based on scientific methods and evidence and aim to produce objective and verifiable results. Examples of empirical nursing theorists are Florence Nightingale, Faye Abdellah, and Patricia Benner.
– Interpretivism: This is the perspective that emphasizes understanding, meaning, and interpretation as the sources of knowledge. Interpretive nursing theories are based on humanistic or phenomenological approaches and aim to produce subjective and contextual insights. Examples of interpretive nursing theorists are Hildegard Peplau, Jean Watson, and Rosemarie Parse.
– Criticalism: This is the perspective that emphasizes critique, emancipation, and transformation as the sources of knowledge. Critical nursing theories are based on social or political perspectives and aim to produce change and empowerment. Examples of critical nursing theorists are Martha Rogers, Betty Neuman, and Madeleine Leininger.
In conclusion, nursing theories are essential for the development and advancement of nursing as a profession and a discipline. They provide a foundation for knowledge generation, practice improvement, and professional identity. They also reflect the diversity and complexity of nursing phenomena and the multiple ways of knowing and doing nursing.
Works Cited
– Current Nursing. (2020). Nursing Theories – Overview. Retrieved from https://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/nursing_theories_overview.html
– Indeed. (2023). Types of Nursing Theories: Concepts, Levels and Uses. Retrieved from https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/types-of-nursing-theories
– Nurseslabs. (2023). Nursing Theories and Theorists: The Definitive Guide for Nurses. Retrieved from https://nurseslabs.com/nursing-theories/
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Nursing Theories
Study One
Bt, the use of Leininger’s Society Care Model, which elements in the story from the patient, must be in consideration by Nurse Hernandez in formulating a diseased discharge?
Mrs. Franklin-Jones gave insights into some crucial information that should concern the nurse when planning for any diseased discharge. Education concerning four identification factors is necessary (Medicine & health science books @ Amazon, 2018). The four factors are the benefits of taking medicines as prescribed by the doctor, following the cardiac meal, having some rest, and avoiding taking herbal tea in the form of a supplement. First, prescribed medicine compliance must be followed. The nurse must educate the patient on the importance of taking medicines as prescribed to maintain a healing level in the system.
Mrs. Franklin-Jones may change cooking food at home compared to her Jamaican method in ensuring the food has high fiber, low salt, and low fat. In talking about the issue of benefits that come alongside taking the medicines as prescribed and the concern of following her culture with changing the cooking method, the nurse must emphasize the importance and benefits of adequate rest. Two tasks might overpower her, and this may alleviate cardiac disease. Having proper rest amid the shifts may help her in regaining energy.
The last one, despite the consumption of herbal tea being a symbol of her culture, taking the research of the risks and the benefits is very important for her. According to recent research by professor Ragoobirsingh, the director of diabetes program in UWI, there was a vast usage of bush tea for various illnesses among its kidney disorders.
Importance of Society Care Diversity in delivering nursing aid
The culture care framework introduces various cultural nursing care, which promotes diversity alongside culture care. Dr. Leininger had a belief that taking care of people from differing cultures was an essential and critical need. Diversity in the nursing sector is crucial because it gives opportunities for administering quality care in diseased. Diversity in this sector entails veteran status, gender, race, age, disability, religion, socioeconomic status, tribal heritage, sexual orientation, national origin, educational background, and physical traits.
Communication with the diseased can be improved and enhance patient care when healthcare givers close the gap between medicine culture and practices and beliefs, which entails the diseased value system (Fitzpatrick & Carthy, 2014). When the nursing taskforce has a reflection of the diseased demographic communication, we will then improve, and this makes the patient more comfortable. A person who does not associate with you may not advocate adequately for your importances.
If there are nurses who have an understanding of the patient religious views, customs, foods, environment, and culture, they can offer patients the appropriate care. Each healthcare giver experience allows having positive impacts on diseased health. This potential is maximized through learning about the diseased culture. It will significantly help in practicing cultural sensitivity and awareness as well as cultural competency.
Using Leininger’s Theory of Society Care Diversity, together with Universal, formulates care plan for patient.
The care plan for the patient may be quite complicated and comprehensive (Watson, 2019). For the appropriate care plan in this patient, we need to consider the following; giving caution on the consumption of herbal tea in the form of a supplement, having some rest, following a heart diet, and taking medicines as prescribed. The nurse will follow the following process: nursing assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. It is necessary to have an assessment and identify the gaps in the knowledge shortages concerning medicine compliance, heart diet, dietary supplements, and adequate rest. After identifying the knowledge shortages, specified teaching is provided to Mrs. Franklin-Jones.
Strengths as well as limitations to Leininger’s Theory
Leininger’s cultural care model of diversity, together with Universality, has its aim in providing and improving the culture congruous care to all individuals for maintenance and regaining of their well-being and health. Culture influences each life aspect since they are primary factors that individuals learn, share and pass from generation to generation.
Strengths
It recognizes the cultural importance and the influence of each aspect. It is the only model that has its focus on uniquely in the intimate interrelationships of care and culture on an individual death, illness, health, and well-being. It is the only model that focuses on comparative care culture. Being the most multidimensional and holistic model, it has had discoveries of multifaceted and specific based care practices and meanings. It is the first model that focuses on discovering worldwide culture care differences and diversities as well as care commonalities and universalities. It is in a research design method that fits the theory. It focuses on the culture concept in offering nursing care to the diseased. It helps nurses to be sensitive towards culture. Compared to other models that focus on nursing, environment, and people, she highlights care as the nursing backbone. In her ideas, we should have an understanding of the cultural idea before any nursing action.
Limitations
Very few nurses are prepared academically for the culture care model. It may be the leading cause of errors when making medical decisions such as outcomes and values misperception of the results. Not all collected data is applicable and accurate towards clients. It is then necessary to consider the individual uniqueness. If nurses practiced do not recognize the cultural dimensions of individual needs, there is a lack of practical nursing care practices and dissatisfaction in the nursing duties. Does this imply that a single principle in the provision of efficient care is the logical culture care? It may be an aspect but does not imply that we should not consider the other beneficial items, since we require remembering that we must offer holistic care not just in the culture concept.
The model ignores diseases and symptoms. They may be an issue in integrating or adapting others’ cultures, which may result in culture shock on the nurse’s part. Researching culture does not imply that we can relate to it since studying differs from real experience.
Case Study Two
Hypothesis of Transpersonal Caring relationship as well as nurse’s responsibilities
Science and philosophy in care have four main concepts, health, human being, nursing, society, or environment. Jean Watson refers to humans as a person’s values to be taken care of, nurtured, respected, assisted, and understood. Generally, a view of the philosophy of an individual as a fully integrated person is functioning. Human in view is more significant than similar to added parts. Watson’s model has seven bases; Caring may be practiced and demonstrated effectively, not only individually. Caring consists of factors in creativity that lead to human needs satisfaction. Caring improves individual and health or family development. The environment of caring is the one that provides the possible growth and patient being allowed to decide the excellent method at a certain period. A caring scientist is complimentary to curing scientists. The caring practice is at the center of nursing.
The nursing model states that nursing is in consideration with the promotion of health, prevention of diseases, sick care, and restoration of health. Its emphasis is on the promotion of health and disease treatment. Watson had a faith that health care is keys in caring activity in nursing. She says care is the experiences of human science and person health-disease in meditation to individual, scientific and professional transactions of persons.
How love is evident in the caring period as in definition by Watson
As an aiding part, love can lead to the healing of a patient and have benefits to nurses, which help them in converting systems (Medicine & health science books @ Amazon, 2017). Loving being an aspect of care to humans may mean a show of respect for the values of humans, altruism and cooperation, human dignity, respect, and sacrifice towards patients. While entering the unit, Claude Jean-Baptiste saw the welcoming symbols written in some languages where his language was inclusive. During the first nurse’s assessment, he tells Mr. Jean-Baptiste that the nurses welcomed him to get a relationship on his part to be assured in understanding and meeting his requirements. He is questioned on Haitian beliefs and customs which they may glorify. Mr. Jean-Baptiste is bucked up to elevate spiritual together with food items of share and care some things in his society with the nursing team.
How can nurses creatively make use of self in creating a healing atmosphere?
Practice kindness, composure, and love within the consciousness in the context of caring. Be presenting in an authentic, sustaining, and enable the hope, belief, and faith system of a personal level. Cultivate a personal practice of spiritual and transpersonal self and go beyond self-importance. Sustain and develop a trusting, helping, and reliable, caring relation. Support the expression and be available on negative or positive feelings. In the creative utilization of self and all types of ways to know about the caring part process, engage in healing and caring.
Engaging in a genuine experience of learning and teaching that attend in wholeness means that you can stay within the other reference frame—creating a healing compound in all ways, where wholeness, dignity, comfort, peace, and beauty are practiced. Assisting in basic requirements, having an intention on consciousness caring, administer care of humans is essential, this practice the mind-body-spirit alignment and in all aspects of care. Be open and attending the higher dimensions of a person’s life-death that include caring of the soul for and individual and the soul being cared for.
Strengths as well as limitations to Watson’s Theory
Strengths
Even if some consider complex Watson’s theory, a lot of people find it’s easy to understand. This model may not be in utilization towards improvement and guidance practice as it may equip the providers of healthcare with more satisfying ways of the activity which may provide the members good caring (Farland & Alamah, 2014). He also considers the utilization of sophisticated, non-technical, evolutionary, and fluid language to describe her conception fully. They include curative factor, simple, paradoxically, Caritas, and caring-love.
Besides, the theory is ordered in the carative factors based on broad use that gives framework support. The factor of creativity is orderly derived from the use and has a relationship to hierarchy requirements. Watson’s theory has a superficial understanding as a moral based on nursing. Framework scope covers a large aspect of wellness disease phenomena. This theory addresses the aspects of health promotion, preventing diseases and dying peaceful is experienced, therefore improving its ideas. The carative factor gives a guide for the interaction between patient and the nurses, vital aspects of care to patients.
Weakness
The theory doesn’t provide expressed direction concerning what to do towards achieving authentic relationships on caring-healing. Nurses who need guidelines cannot feel secure during their trial to the utilization of this theory. Some have a suggestion that it takes a lot of time to cooperate the Caritas in practice, and some note that Watson’s individual development emphasizes a quality that during the appearance to some cannot request others.
References
Human caring science: A nursing (Watson, nursing: Human science and human care): 9781449628109: Medicine & health science books @ Amazon.com. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Human-Caring-Science-Theory-Nursing/dp/1449628109
Leininger’s culture care diversity and Universality: A worldwide nursing theory (Cultural care diversity (Leininger)): 9781284026627: Medicine & health science books @ Amazon.com. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Leiningers-Culture-Care-Diversity-Universality/dp/1284026620
Fitzpatrick, J. J., & Carthy, G. (2014). Theories guiding nursing research and practice: Making nursing knowledge development explicit. Springer Publishing Company.
Farland, M. R., & Alamah, H. B. (2014). Leininger’s culture care diversity and Universality. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Watson, J. (2019). Nursing: Human science and human care: a theory of nursing. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
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Using Nightingale’s Environmental Theory: A Review of its Impact on Healthcare Design
Introduction
Florence Nightingale is renowned as the founder of modern nursing. Through her experiences as a nurse during the Crimean War, she developed groundbreaking theories about the role of environment in patient health and recovery. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory highlighted the influence of various determinants like ventilation, light, noise, sanitation and nutrition. Her principles revolutionized standards for hospital design and facilities management. This paper will examine Nightingale’s theory and its enduring impact on evidence-based approaches in healthcare settings.
Ventilation and Temperature
Nightingale observed that poor ventilation and temperature extremes contributed to illness spread in the barracks-style military hospitals of the 1850s (Nightingale, 1859). She advocated for well-designed ventilation systems to promote airflow. A study of four new British hospitals from 1870 to 1890 found significant reductions in mortality with improved ventilation incorporating Nightingale’s designs (Parkes, 1872). More recent research confirms the role of ventilation in reducing airborne infection risks, with recommendations to maximize fresh air exchange and control temperature/humidity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003).
Light
Nightingale saw ample access to natural light as therapeutic and an aid to cleanliness and disinfection (Nightingale, 1859). A retrospective analysis of patient records from the 1860s showed lower mortality rates in wards with the most sunlight compared to windowless areas (Parkes, 1872). Modern facilities incorporate generous windows and skylights to meet lighting guidelines (The Facility Guidelines Institute, 2014). A review associated improved mood and faster healing with optimized light exposure in hospitals (Benedetti et al., 2001).
Noise
Excess noise in crowded military hospitals disturbed rest and hindered recovery per Nightingale’s observations (Nightingale, 1859). Later studies support her view, linking high noise levels to sleep issues, slower wound healing and greater pain medication use (Fahy and Walker, 1987; Xie et al., 2021). Current standards recommend noise-reducing designs and zoning quiet/loud areas to promote patient comfort and wellness (The Facility Guidelines Institute, 2014).
Sanitation
Nightingale’s emphasis on strict hygiene and waste management was ahead of its time. She helped establish the first sanitary commission, inspecting facilities and advising reforms (Nightingale, 1859). A retrospective review associated her recommendations for regular cleaning and disinfection with reduced mortality from puerperal fever and other infections (Parkes, 1872). Modern infection control relies on evidence-based practices informed by Nightingale’s sanitation priorities (World Health Organization, 2009).
Nutrition and Mental State
Nightingale understood nutrition and morale as vital to recovery (Nightingale, 1859). While specific studies are lacking, her holistic view of factors like compassionate care, optimism and meeting basic needs is reflected in current models emphasizing psychosocial and biopsychosocial determinants of health (Engel, 1977; Adler, 2009).
Conclusion
Nightingale’s groundbreaking Environmental Theory shaped modern approaches to hospital design, public health and infection control. Over 160 years later, her principles of ensuring quality ventilation, lighting, noise control, sanitation, nutrition and mental wellness remain highly relevant to evidence-based facilities management and patient outcomes. Further research can continue exploring applications of Nightingale’s ahead-of-her-time insights across diverse healthcare settings.
References
Adler, N. E. (2009). Health disparities through a psychological lens. American psychologist, 64(8), 663–673. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.64.8.663
Benedetti, F., Colombo, C., Barbini, B., Campori, E., & Smeraldi, E. (2001). Morning sunlight reduces length of hospitalization in bipolar depression. Journal of affective disorders, 62(3), 221–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00153-0
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003). Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports, 52(RR-10), 1–42.
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science (New York, N.Y.), 196(4286), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460
Fahy, B. G., & Walker, J. G. (1987). Noise and air pollution as determinants of hospital infection rates. Journal of hospital infection, 9(3), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(87)90056-4
Nightingale, F. (1859). Notes on hospitals. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green.
Parkes, E. (1872). Hygienic versus medical treatment. British Medical Journal, 1(556), 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.556.109
The Facility Guidelines Institute. (2014). Guidelines for design and construction of hospitals and outpatient facilities. The Facility Guidelines Institute.
World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44102
Xie, H., Kang, J., & Mills, G. H. (2021). The impact of noise on patients’ sleep and the effectiveness of noise reduction strategies in intensive care units: A systematic review. Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, 34(2), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2020.01.002
Using Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
Aspen University
N491
Using Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
Nightingale theory is a nursing theory which focuses on the accountability, autonomy, and communication associated with nursing practices. It proponent, Florence Nightingale, as conspicuous and celebrated among the nursing theorist whose teachings were based on the impact and influence that the environment has for the recovery of the patients (Smith & Parker 2015). The theorist stressed that the nursing care goals are to ensure that a patient’s position is in excellent condition as much as possible to permit ecological condition to help towards good health promotion. Therefore, the theory pays more attention to the science and art of nursing intending to shape its practices. In theory, Florence maintained that external conditions and influences have a significant impact on the contribution and containment of illnesses and diseases. Florence’s mission through the theory has to help patients in retaining their vitality through environmental control approaches. The theory stated three primary environments: psychological, physical, and social, and holds that the contribution of each determines the quality of life that can be exhibited by a patient upon exposure (Rahim, 2013). Putting patients in natural conditions to get back to healthy lives does mean that the patient is left alone but instead supported by their ecological conditions that determine their possible recovery. In the theory of Nightingale about the environment, the amount of time by nature for a patient to heal and overcome all the partial conditions that affect his or her wellbeing based on the possible outcome.
Mrs. Adams Case Study
Mrs. Adams, who is a sixty-eight, and a widow who was subjected towards a case management when she was discharged from the hospital. As recommended by her physician, she portrays the role of nature in offering solutions to the patients. It was according to the diagnosis that the patient should be given while in or out of the facility. Hence, it is determined via possible recurrence to the disease or condition she is suffering from. Mrs. Adams’s diagnosis, which includes hypertension, breast cancer, and diabetes, require thorough consideration. Being a few days from the post-op right-sided mastectomy, she requires proper care and attention. However, her located that is characterized by low-income attributes where criminal cases are high put the intended care implementations into a standstill. Yet, from the Community Health Nurse assessment, it was realized that her apartment was in a severe mess and might prevent the free flow of fresh air and light. She had no food and seems that she has not even changed her clothes for quite a while. In the small apartment are a puppy and three cats considered by Mrs. Adams as part of her consolation since her beloved husband passed a year ago. Therefore it leads to her posing complaints of draining and severe pain after her broken air conditioner and the surgical site.
First Assessment: Evaluating the environmental conditions surrounding a patient is essential to limit the number of prevalence that they can be exposed to. According to Florence’s Nightingale theory, ecological surroundings play a crucial role in the healing process. Therefore, in Mrs. Adams’s case, her environmental surroundings need to be evaluated at first glance. Her various care concerns need to be prioritized based on the initial assessments made. However, major ecological components such as bed and beddings, nutrition, cleanliness, light, noise, the condition of the house, ventilation, and warming are considered. As indicated, Mrs. Adams complains about the minimal airflow, and the non-functioning air conditioner needs to be adjusted and properly rectified. Due to high crime cases within Mrs. Adams’ neighborhood, keeping windows and doors locked will serve as the best safety measures. Additionally, due to a reduced amount of light in the area, Mrs. Adams’ house requires proper ventilation, sound lighting system, and temperature-controlled air to fasten the healing process of her post-surgical wounds. Notably, the three pets in her room expose the house to increased infection and more bacteria.
The most important risk factors that threaten Mrs. Adams’s social wellbeing are the residence disarrays and her dirty clothes (Aspen University, 2018). Lack of quality and adequate food items and the residence disarrays shows that she lives in isolation with a minimal support network. Her condition and health starts are the major setbacks for her efforts in maintaining hygiene to a required level. Therefore, to make the cleaning effect, it should include frequent airing and changing her bedsheets and linens. According to Nightingale, most patients usually deposit wild floras on their beds if they are not adjusted for a long time (Wayne, 2014). Hence, this shows a possible infection if the patient re-enters in them, thus more infections.
Additionally, Mrs. Adams also requires daily hygiene support to make her safe for any possible further infections. Unwashed skin, according to Nightingale, blocks the air pots leading to possible poisoning of the body. Moreover, Mrs. Adams’ nurse should take immediate interventions to help her get her family members.
Five Essential Components of from the Theory
The five vital constituents advocated for by Nightingale to guarantee proper sanitation of various abodes for the improvement of health outcomes include:
Pure Water: The patient needs to avoid impure water because they contributed to diseases.
Pure Fresh Air: Ensuring fresh air in a location boosts the breathing systems of the patients.
Cleanliness: At all times, cleaning is necessary for all patients. Nurses must ensure that the environment is clean to minimize contaminations and poisoning.
Light: According to Wayne (2014), an adequate lighting system is needed in treating diseases, especially direct sunlight.
Effective Drainage: Proper drainage systems are needed to ward off ill-health causing organisms and epidemic diseases due to contamination by home sewer systems
Care Plan
The care plan for the case study will capture the following:
Nursing Diagnosis: Acute and severe pain evident in the verbal complaint made by Mrs. Adams about the new surgical procedure will be handled with proper pain medication.
Impaired physical mobility associated with damage of nerves and muscle, lymphedema as well as severe pains are seen in Mrs. Adams will be addressed with proper assistance.
Infection risks related to the wound that Mrs. Adam had after the surgery, her environment, and medical history will be addressed to ease the tension of possible infections.
Objective Information: The patient is a sixty-year-old female widow who has breast cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. The patient has blood-tinged fluids of serious oozing from her surgical site. The residence is poorly ventilated. There are three pets in a small room—no food for observation of nutritional support. Mrs. Adams appears untidy.
Subjective Information: There is a complaint from the patient about severe pains and broken air conditioner and pain. The reports from the patient show that she has no assistance because she is a widow.
Nursing Results: Mr. Adams Goals: The residence will have proper ventilation and adequately cleaned. All the bed linens will regularly and frequently change like daily bathing. The patient will utter two ways to limit any physical injuries that might be realized within the week. The patient will exercise mobility and sitting posture strength during this time. There will be daily hygiene performance by the patient to minimize the risk of infections. The nutritional status of the patient will be improved.
Nursing Interventions: The nurse responsible for the patient will ensure that the patient seeks out at least two friends that she has to help in support during her healing process. Additionally, the nurse in her daily services will ensure that she is ready to obtain her goals through increase strength, improved residence cleanliness, developed ambulation, and proper body hygiene. Implementation of in-house rehabilitation may be needed to make the efforts satisfying. Moreover, the nurse will ensure that the patient has a paramount focus in her care plan. Any option that might be available may be used to improve, however, current status. All possible risk factors will be addressed based on the effect on the patient.
Conclusion
The patient-centered approach, Nightingale’s Environmental Theory in medical care, contains several environmental aspects. It holds that environmental systems play a significant role in checking for the wellbeing of a patient. A balance in the ecological factors reveals the healing process that can be seen from the health conditions of a patient. However, Nightingale believed that it is the responsibility of nurses to ensure that a patient’s environment is safe and in good condition. They must also ensure that all the needed factors to boost the healing process are in place for all patients within their localities.
References
Aspen University (2018). Concepts and Theories in Nursing. Module 1. Assignment 1. Retrieved from https://aspenuniversity.edu/conceptsandtheoriesinnursing /assignment1/
Rahim, Shirin (2013). Clinical application of Nightingale’s environmental theory. i-manager’s Journal on Nursing, 3(1), 43-46, February/April 2013
Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing theories and nursing practice. FA Davis.
Wayne, Gil (2014). Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory. Nurselabs.com. Retrieved from https://nurselabs.com/florence nightingale’s environmental theory
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King’s framework
Aspen University
N491
Introduction
The concept of the King’s Conceptual System Theory has considerably been referred to as the general systems framework, interacting systems framework, and the open systems model. The overall interpretation of the King’s Theory entails the concentration with regards to the individuals’ ability of continuity with regards to the achievement of their basic necessities to enhance their functioning with regards to their socially defined roles alongside the concept of interactions between individuals within the three, interacting, dynamic, and open systems. Therefore, the value attached to the King’s theory is the ability of guidance provision with regards to the nursing practice. This was developed with regards to the conceptual framework whereby the King established the goal attainment theory. Thus, the middle-range theory is established to enhance a concentration with regards to the interactional process, which is established as the fundamental nature of nursing, consequently enhancing guidance to individuals with regards to the concept of goal attainment subject to their health (Fitzpatrick & Meredith Kazer, 2011).
This theory was established in early 1960s by Imogene King. The King’s System basically provides a description with subject to the interpersonal and dynamic relationships with regards to the patient’s growth and development subject to the attainment of specified life goals. The King’s theory provides an explanation with regards to the factors affecting the attainment of life goals as being the concept of time, stress, roles, and space. This particular theory regarding goal attainment provides a nursing description as the process of action that entails the reaction and interaction that involves the sharing of information between the nurse and the patient regarding their perception subject to a nursing situation. The nursing concept has also been defined as a process that entails the concept of human interactions involving the nurse and the patient with regards to their perception regarding both the situation and each other, setting goals, the exploration of means, and establishing the appropriate means to enhance the achievement of goals (Christina Leibold Sieloff; Ph.D.; CNA; BC & Frey, 2007).
Goal achievement
The King’s model enhances the interaction of various systems established as the personal system, interpersonal systems, and the concept of the social system. Thus, all three established systems are described as having their own established set of concepts. The personal system is rested on the concepts of self, body image, time, space, perception, and growth and development. On the other hand, the concept of an interpersonal system is attributed to communication, interaction, stress, role, and transaction. Additionally, the social system concepts rest on the elements of authority, organization, decision-making, status, and power. The theory provides various factors with regards to the systems established that translate to influences that impact the aspect of goal attainment (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2010).
The theory is attributed to various propositions with regards to goal attainment that include the fact that in a situation that enhances the presence of perpetual interaction accuracy with regards to interactions between the nurse and the patients would translate to the occurrence of interactions. In a situation where there is a transaction that occurs between the nurse and the patient, the goals end up being achieved. Thus, the achievement of goals enhances satisfaction, whereby the aspect of growth and development is enhanced with regards to the interactions having been conducted between the nurse and the patient. In the situation whereby the nurse and the patient’s perception of role performance and role expectations are established as being congruent, then this will consequently translate to the occurrence of a transaction. In the situation that establishes a role conflict with subject to both the nurse and the patient, it establishes the occurrence of nurse-patient interaction. In the situation whereby the nurse possesses special knowledge communication subject to particular information with regards to a patient, there will be a mutually enhanced goal-setting that will translate to the occurrence of goal achievement (Christina Leibold Sieloff; Ph.D.; CNA; BC & Frey, 2007).
Basing on King’s assumptions, his theory establishes the human being as being a social being that is sentient and rational. The human being is established to possess the ability to perceive, feel, think, choose, make decisions, set goals, and select means for achieving goals. The human being is established to have three fundamental needs established as being the need for health-related information, the need for sickness prevention established by the need for care alongside the need for care in the situation where an individual isn’t capable of helping out themselves (Butts et al., 2013).
Clinical quality problem definition
The concept of King’s Conceptual System has considerably enhanced the definition of clinical quality problems basing on the fact that the nurse is obligated to understand that communication is established to be key with regards to the trust between the nurse and the patient is the most significant element. Clinical pathways have been established to serving the purpose with regards to nurses communicating their patient care goals and outcomes alongside working with one another. Therefore, nurses are mandated to enhance the advocacy for a common nursing language that would translate to unity among nurses globally. The application of King’s Conceptual System in our nursing career with regards to goal attainment has considerably elevated us with regards to having more power on the subject to our perception, growth and development, self, body image, time, and space (Butts et al., 2013).
King’s Conceptual System application
I would apply the King’s Conceptual System on a post-op patient that has been subjected to a cholecystectomy surgery. Being a nurse, I would ask questions that would be making a determination with regards to understanding whether the patient understands the risk factors associated with their condition alongside their understanding with regards to a post-op patient. Additionally, both the patient and I identified with regard to the problems relating to the lack of interest in ambulation subject to post-op exercises. Being a nurse, I provided education to the patient with regards to both the significance and the risk factors associated with the patient, not understanding the importance associated with ambulation after undergoing surgery, for instance, translating to more severe complications. After the education session, the patient and I set a goal that we established as the patient remained free from complications associated with post-op. Additionally, we selected agreed approaches and being a nurse, and I assisted the patient with regards to the performance of agreed appropriate actions after the surgery, which included an exercise that entailed deep breathing, ambulation, alongside adequate intake of both food and water that would enhance the provision of adequate nutrition. This translated to the overall outcome becoming the fact that the patient was free of complication, consequently being discharged (Fitzpatrick & Meredith Kazer, 2011).
Quality committee outcome
Through the application of King’s Conceptual System with regards to the research, there was resource limitation with regards to nursing informatics and project management. This necessitated the need for nursing informatics alongside a guidebook that entails project management with subject to combining these two concepts. Subject to the combination, various links regarding scholarly articles were also availed. Subject to the dissemination, there was evidence relating to the guidebook being received by 30 healthcare professionals on the basis of attendance, the implementation discussion, and an approach that enhanced feedback. In the future, the clinical-informatics subcommittee will enhance a program created with regards to discussing the learned lessons, which would enhance the guidebook becoming more specific with regards to my local hospital (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2010).
Additional theory
The concept of the theory developed by Florence Nightingale with regards to our readings is another theory that could align with the subject of improved quality of practice. The concepts of modern nursing are established as being multi-focused, ever-changing, and complex. Basing on the times associated with Florence Nightingale, nursing’s theory hasn’t changed, which entails the provision of a caring and safe environment that enhances the promotion of well-being and patient health. The aspect of the application of effective interpersonal skills, for instance, advocacy, has been established to enhance the concept of caregiving environment. Florence Nightingale is established to have employed the concept of advocacy with regard to the development of modern nursing. Being a nurse, it is easy to undertake the combination of the two theories with regards to enhancing quality patient care subject to the ultimate and most cost-effective patient outcome (Christina Leibold Sieloff; Ph.D.; CNA; BC & Frey, 2007).
Conclusion
The overall interpretation of the King’s Theory entails the concentration with regards to the individuals’ ability of continuity with regards to the achievement of their basic necessities to enhance their functioning with regards to their socially defined roles alongside the concept of interactions between individuals within the three, interacting, dynamic, and open systems. The King’s Conceptual System has significantly enhanced both effectiveness and efficiency with subject to my nursing career (Christina Leibold Sieloff; Ph.D.; CNA; BC & Frey, 2007).
References
Butts, J. B., Professor Emeritus University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Inez Rovegno, Bandhauer, D., Rich, K. L., Visiting Professor Visiting Professor at the University of Miami Florida Tomas B Garcia, & Professor the University of Southern Mississippi College of Nursing Hattiesburg Mississippi Janie B Butts. (2013). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Christina Leibold Sieloff; Ph.D.; CNA; BC, & Frey, M. A. (2007). Middle range theory development using King’s conceptual system. Springer Publishing Company.
Fitzpatrick, J. J., & Meredith, Kazer, A. (2011). Encyclopedia of nursing research (3rd ed.). Springer Publishing Company.
Sitzman, K., & Eichelberger, L. W. (2010). Understanding the work of nurse theorists: A creative beginning. Jones & Bartlett Learning
Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing theories and nursing practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis. Chapters 9 & 14
