APA format at least 3 referneces
Write a 1-page narrative in APA format that addresses the following:
• Explain the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Be specific and provide examples.
• Describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5736254/
Off-label drug use refers to prescribing medication for purposes other than what it has been approved for by regulatory authorities such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Although off-label use of drugs is not illegal, it can be dangerous, especially in children. This paper explains the circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use and strategies to make their use safer for children.
Circumstances for Off-Label Use in Children
The use of off-label drugs in children should only be considered when there are no alternative treatment options available. For instance, children with chronic illnesses, such as epilepsy or cancer, may need off-label drugs because there are limited treatment options for their conditions. In some cases, the drug may have shown promise in clinical trials, but the trials were not conducted in children, leading to an off-label prescription. Examples of off-label drugs that are commonly prescribed to children include certain antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants (Cohen et al., 2018).
Strategies to Make Off-Label Use and Dosage Safer for Children
Off-label use of drugs in children requires extra care and attention to ensure their safety. One strategy to make off-label drug use safer is to create and enforce guidelines for prescribing and administering drugs in children. For example, healthcare professionals should be encouraged to monitor children closely for potential adverse effects when prescribing off-label drugs. Additionally, dosages should be calculated based on the child’s age, weight, and other relevant factors to ensure that the child is receiving an appropriate dose.
Another strategy to make off-label drug use safer for children is to conduct clinical trials to determine the efficacy and safety of drugs in children. This strategy will provide healthcare professionals with accurate information on the effectiveness and potential side effects of drugs in children, leading to safer and more effective treatments.
Off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics include antipsychotics such as Risperdal and Seroquel. These drugs are often prescribed to children with conditions such as bipolar disorder, but they can have adverse effects, such as weight gain and metabolic syndrome (Cohen et al., 2018). Antidepressants such as Prozac and Zoloft should also be used with caution in children due to their potential to cause suicidal thoughts and behavior (Liu et al., 2019).
Conclusion
Off-label use of drugs in children can be necessary when there are no alternative treatment options available. However, healthcare professionals should take extra precautions to ensure the safety of children when prescribing and administering off-label drugs. Strategies such as creating and enforcing guidelines for prescribing and administering drugs and conducting clinical trials can make off-label drug use safer for children. Healthcare professionals should also be aware of the potential adverse effects of off-label drugs, such as antipsychotics and antidepressants, and use them with caution in children.
References
Cohen, E., Mackenzie, T., Yates, G. L., & Riddle, M. A. (2018). Why off-label antipsychotics are still being used in children and adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 28(6), 373-380. doi: 10.1089/cap.2017.0149
Liu, B., Anderson, G. M., Mittal, N., & Rodrigues, N. B. (2019). Off-label use of antidepressants in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(7), 703-706. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.011
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Use of an investig
