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This chapter offers with the evaluate of literature associated to turmeric for wound healing. The evaluate of associated literature is a necessary facet of scientific analysis. It consists of crucial Assessment and current data in relation of drawback when deciphering the outcomes of the research and when making judgments about functions of a brand new data in nursing practices.
Analysis literature was reviewed and arranged underneath the next headings.
Part A: Literature associated to different non -pharmacological measures for wound
healing.
Part B: Literature associated to turmeric for wound healing.
Part C: Literature associated to turmeric for different illness circumstances.
SECTION A: Literature associated to different non – pharmacological measures for wound healing
The Company for well being care coverage & Analysis,(1994) performed a randomized medical research to test the efficacy of electrical stimulation to deal with stage III, IV strain ulcers and improve wound healing amongst 147 sufferers. 5 medical trials was performed utilizing strain ulcer scale for healing. It was discovered that the remedy influences wound healing by attracting restore cells, altering the permeability of cell membranes, impacts the secretions and creating new cell buildings. A present is generated between the pores and skin and internal tissues when a break within the pores and skin happens. This present is enhanced by moist wound setting and could be mimicked by electrical stimulation which is believed to speed up the healing course of. It makes use of electrodes which are positioned across the wound space. It may be used on most wounds throughout all three levels to enhance wound healing .Outcomes exhibits excessive statistical significance at p>zero.01 because it accelerates the wound healing course of.
Subramanyam,(1996) did a comparative research with honey and boiled potato peel as a dressing for recent partial thickness wounds for 40 sufferers. Sufferers who handled with honey had optimistic swab cultures on the time of admission, 90% of their wounds rendered sterile with in 7 days. Different sufferers who handled with boiled potato peel had optimistic swab tradition on the time of admission had persistent an infection after 7 days.100% of wound healed with in 15 days which had been handled with honey when in comparison with the injuries handled with boiled potato peal dressings which had been healed by 50%.The effectiveness was measured utilizing bates-jensen wound Assessment scale. Sufferers who handled with honey confirmed efficient healing with in 10.four days when examine to the boiled potato peel since they took 16.2 days for healing. It exhibits the sufferers with honey exhibits excessive significance fee at zero.01 stage.
Heuit Shery and Lopez ,(2002) performed a research to seek out out the efficacy of papaya in treating strain ulcer with full thickness wound for 79 sufferers in authorities hospital, Karachi for one month interval with the appliance of papaya twice every day. The development of wound standing measured utilizing strain ulcer scale for healing. The findings of the research revealed that the extent of wound standing was improved for 61 sufferers.
A potential randomized managed trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of honey – impregnated gauze, as a dressing for the diabetic wound amongst 23 sufferers utilizing bates-jensen wound Assessment scale.The wound standing measured and the effectiveness confirmed extremely significance for about 87% of sufferers.In wounds dressed with honey – impregnated gauze confirmed considerably sooner healing at p>zero.01 stage. Mirrah,(2003)
Prasanna Child, (2005) performed an experimental research to seek out out the efficacy of two totally different dressing supplies specifically banana leaves and paraffin gauze on donor web site wounds. The research was carried out for a interval of four weeks within the month of November in major well being centre in Nagpur. Whole topics within the research group had been 15 in every group. Ache, soakage of dressing, consolation and wound healing had been noticed in each research teams . The info had been analyzed through the use of statistical exams like ‘t’ check and chi sq. check. Research findings revealed banana leaf to be an efficient dressing materials for donor web site wound dressing. It causes much less ache (p<zero.50) and the effectiveness was about 82% and the affected person feels extra consolation. It’s extremely price efficient the place the lay peoples can even settle for the remedy.
William James & Hacker, (2005) performed a randomized medical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Hyperbaric oxygen remedy for 30 sufferers with severe wounds within the ayurvedic medical centre at Bihar. Right here affected person breathes 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber for 90 – 120 minutes. The oxygen dissolves in to the blood and is distributed all through the physique, offering additional oxygen to the cells trying to heal the wound. It enhance the speed of collagen deposition, angiogenesis and bacterial clearance. It’s the efficient remedy for sophisticated, non – healing wounds and it exhibits excessive statistical significance at zero.05 stage and about 90% of affected person acquired enchancment in wound standing.
Warf & Caprin, (2006) did a medical research on wound healing and assessed by means of whirlpool remedy for 24 sufferers with extreme wounds in analysis centre, Newdelhi by numerous researchers. The remedy is used a couple of times every day for about 20 minutes throughout the inflammatory stage of healing to boost circulation and convey extra oxygen in to the wound space. It softens, loosens useless tissue and cleanses the wound. It was additionally discovered that the remedy relieves wound ache and exhibits excessive statistical significance at zero.01 stage. The Assessment was interpreted by means of t-test.
A Comparative research was carried out for the irrigation of power wounds with regular saline and faucet water. The sufferers had been chosen from non-public hospital, Bangalore. Randomized managed trial was used on this research. 31 topics had been chosen for faucet water group, 30 topics in regular saline group.The effectiveness was measured utilizing bates-jensen wound Assessment scale. After 5 weeks of observe up, proportion scale back in saline group was 45.34% (imply dimension : Eight.42 + 6.57) in comparison with 40.58% (imply dimension of 5.36 + 7.89) in faucet water group. There was no vital totally different between the teams (P>zero.05). Total put up irrigation tradition was 64.51%. optimistic in saline group, 58.06% optimistic in faucet water group with p worth of >zero.05. There was no vital distinction discovered between wounds in time period of wound an infection and healing fee. Faucet water seems to supply protected various to sterile regular saline in irrigation of power wounds. Shrivani ,(2007)
Rathi & Chandrakala, (2009) performed a analysis based mostly on function of collagen sheet utility in wound healing from the medical college of Chaiput. The samples chosen by means of handy sampling method. About 123 sufferers concerned within the research group with extreme diabetic wound. Analysis has proven that some collagen – based mostly dressings produce a major enhance in fibroblast manufacturing, have a hydrophilic property which may be essential in encouraging, fibroblast permeation, improve deposition of oriented, organized collagen fibers by attracting fibroblasts and inflicting a directed migration of cells Help in uptake and bio availability of fibronectin; Help protect leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and epithelial cells and help in upkeep of chemical and thermostatic microenvironment of wound collagen sheet has been discovered to be effectively tolerated in medical trial. No studies of collagen sheet rejection. Thus it produces 92% of healing results amongst diabetic sufferers and the researcher proved it was efficient and exhibits excessive significance fee at (p>zero.05) respectively.
Part B: Literature associated to turmeric for wound healing.
Licj et al ,(1993) performed a comparative randomized research for the whole of 20 sufferers grouped in to four items based mostly on wound dimension. The samples had been chosen from Medical analysis unit, U.Ok with 4 totally different interventions. The injuries in group I sufferers had been dressed every day with zero.9% regular saline (controls). Turmeric powder was utilized topically in an quantity of zero.5gm/cm2 of wound floor to the injuries of group II sufferers. In group III sufferers, turmeric powder was utilized topically to the injuries and got 1.5% turmeric aqueous suspension by mouth (through) every day ingesting water. Group IV sufferers got 1.5% turmeric resolution by mouth and their wounds had been dressed every day with zero.9% regular saline. At zero,Three,6 and 10 the imply space of the injuries was related in all teams. At days 17 and 25 nevertheless, the remedy teams exhibited considerably smaller wounds when in comparison with management (P<zero.05 every group). As well as, all sufferers in teams 2 and three and 75% of the sufferers in group IV had healed wounds at day 32, in comparison with solely 38% within the management group. Thus, turmeric powder in each oral and topical functions, enhanced wound contraction and healing on this mannequin. The wound standing was examined by means of bates Jensen wound Assessment scale. It signifies, that native utility and oral consumption of turmeric enhances wound contraction when in comparison with every day cleansing with saline. The effectiveness fee was about 78%and it exhibits extremely significance.
Despandi, Marks & Begum,(2000) performed a randomized medical trial research for 78 sufferers with diabetic wounds within the foot from Nationwide Institute of Well being in Pune based mostly on structured questionnaire knowledge assortment on wound standing and Batson Index, the remedy continues for 2 weeks and the healing results famous for 81% of sufferers on steady utility of curcumin with the dose of 1.5gm every day twice. Thus the importance (p=zero.05) exhibits extremely dependable.
Shiva & Vandana,(2002) performed a medical research to judge the potential efficacy of recent turmeric paste to heal wounds for 18 sufferers. The samples was chosen from authorities ayurvedic school, Nagercoil. Turmeric paste was utilized topically to the wound for 14 days. Wound healing was assessed on treatment0,Three,7,14. On the finish of 14th day it was noticed that the wound healing was considerably sooner (p>zero.01) in experimental group.
Srivastava & Suvira,(2002) performed a randomized experiments for 20 samples with leg ulcer from the village of Orissa, India.Curcumin got within the dose of zero.1 mg / cm2 floor for a interval of Three months to boost fast wound healing. Enhancement of collagen synthesis and marked wound healing had been demonstrated to a fee of 87% with the reliability of r=+1 and exhibits extremely significance. The residents of Orissa village has proven the better acceptance of curcumin utility over the wound,the place it’s price efficient and simple for utility.
Akanksha & Vikas,(2003) performed a comparative randomized medical trial of turmeric powder (zero.85-1.5gm) and the neomycin sulphate (1.5gm) for the sufferers with cellulitis over the limbs in Brittania, U.Ok. The research was taken place for 50days with twice a day utility of each turmeric powder and neomycin sulphate and the complaints like redness, ache and itching diminished (78%) with in 45 days and produces synergic results on wound healing with turmeric powder measured with practical rating and exhibits the complete stability with pure results.
Rajinder Raina & Verma,(2008) performed a randomized medical trial of utility of turmeric powder with the dose of zero.5-1gm for the interval of Three weeks and to seek out out the wound standing stage amongst diabetic shoppers generally clinics of West Bengal. Wound measurements was carried out utilizing Bates-jensen wound Assessment scale.On the finish of the third week it was discovered the healing results was famous for 73% of shoppers. Thus the importance( p=zero.05) exhibits extremely dependable.
Part C : Literature associated to turmeric for different illness circumstances
Charles & Geogr (1992) performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled research of 6-month trial of curcumin oral consumption in 89 sufferers as upkeep remedy in ulcerative Colitis in Philadelphia at St.George medical hospital.It confirmed variations in relapse fee in contrast with placebo. The dose of curcumin used was 1g twice every day, and was taken together with normal upkeep remedy of mesalamine or sulfasalazine. Enchancment in ulcerative colitis has been recorded and its attributed to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant results of curcumin for each teams those that are participated within the research and exhibits statistically significance with curcumin for ulcerative colitis. Creator recommend a job for turmeric within the remedy of different digestive issues additionally (eg) duodenal or gastric ulcers.
Ronald & Rekha,(1992) researchers on the medical and most cancers analysis and remedy centre, Nagercoil underwent an ayurvedic randomized herb research with turmeric.Turmeric was used as a paste for scabies in 814 individuals. In 97%of instances remedy was obtained with in Three-15 days of remedy the effectiveness could be obtained considerably (p>zero.01). These outcomes point out the turmeric provide a really low cost, simply out there, efficient and acceptable mode of remedy for the villages within the growing international locations. Nonetheless additional analysis is required.
Lal et al,(1999) performed a research with 32 sufferers with power eye irritation (anterior chamber uveitis) utilizing medical random trial, 375-mg dose of curcumin 3 times per day for three months was given. Outcomes confirmed the advance fee corresponding to the results (p>zero.01) seen with an identical cortisone dose for 26 sufferers and the attention energy will increase and ache reduces for an prolong with curcumin and the outcomes are recorded.
Lourerico, Gerad & Revel,(1999) performed a research to evaluate the effectiveness of turmeric oil utility over the joints and painful web site for arthritis sufferers for Three weeks because the interval of twice every day. The samples was chosen randomly from geriatric care centre in Pune. The severity of ache was assessed utilizing numeric ache scale for the 96 samples within the research group. The outcomes exhibits extremely enhancements for 97% and the associative significance on the fee of (p=zero.01).
Mowrey & Oluwatosin,(1999) relates the outcomes of one scientific analysis research in Metabolic care centre,Mumbai with a suspension of turmeric tablets to extend the bile manufacturing for 369 sufferers with liver illness. Utilizing questionnaires the information’s on signs could be obtained . After Eight weeks of intervention the bile manufacturing will increase to 49 to 79% and exhibits extremely significance at zero.05 stage, turmeric was acts even an excellent chologogue which induces bile manufacturing as in comparison with baseline ranges.
Frawley, David & Vasant Lad,(2001) performed a pilot research that investigates the use of standardized turmeric root powder on the dose of 3600mg/day in 207 sufferers with irritable bowel syndrome for the 61 samples who participated within the research (experimental and management group). The info could be obtained by means of structured questionnaires, after 12 weeks of remedy, enchancment in high quality of life rating was reported by 72% of samples of experimental group. The samples really feel extra comfy and there was no opposed reactions or poisonous results observed.
A research was performed in 1992 exhibits that turmeric might help in reducing cholestrol and forestall atherosclerosis for 30 topics with excessive cholestrol and excessive triglycerides for Three month interval, with the dose of 250mg twice /day, the place the severity reduces the excessive cholestrol to 76% and triglycerides to 82% on the significance of (p>zero.zero05). Turmeric additionally has the motion on stopping platelet buildup alongside the partitions of injured blood vessels, one other widespread trigger of blood clots and artery blockage that can lead to coronary heart assaults and strokes. The analysis group recommends to take excessive doses of turmeric in every day weight loss plan. Kang et al ,(2001)
Williamson & Elizabeth,(2002) performed a further analysis on the college of Texas which demonstrated that curcumin can cease the unfold of a number of myeloma, a most cancers of the bone marrow.14 sufferers had been chosen as a research pattern.They underwent Assessment and remedy of turmeric capsules of 350mg every day twice for a interval of 6 months was given to the sufferers and the advance was obtained by means of historical past assortment and researchers famous that curcumin inhibited the manufacturing of interleukin -Eight, a protein produced by white blood cells that contributes to tumor progress, most cancers cells died and the effectiveness was reported by 9 sufferers. The research had attracted the heads of Worldwide most cancers heart in direction of this method and brings satisfaction to the analysis crew.
Kalpagam Polasa & T.C.Raghuram,(2003) performed a clinically randomized trial for colorectal most cancers with turmeric powder to cut back the toxicity and severity in authorities hospital, Kerala with the pattern of 25 and knowledge collected by means of the questionnaires and advisable 8g of curcumin for four months, with out remedy associated toxicity, it exhibits the importance and the adjustments in cytokine ranges famous effectiveness recorded for 18 sufferers (32% Vs 27%) and notes the lively stage capabilities of the colon tissues was reported after the laboratory investigations.
Peter & Munk,(2003) performed a medical trial in Madonna College, the scientist have proven that curcumin prevents lipid peroxidation and the oxidation of mobile and subcellular membranes which are related to atherosclerosis. Curcumin acts to decrease complete levels of cholesterol. It prevents peroxidation of LDL (unhealthy) ldl cholesterol and the dosage recommends is 1000mg per day for 23 sufferers .Research exhibits curcumin inhibits LDL peroxidation and advantages cardiovascular well being. Additionally researchers reported a excessive vital 29% enhance in HDL amongst topics who consumed one-half gram (500mg) of curcumin per day for seven days. Topics additionally skilled a lower in complete serum ldl cholesterol of greater than 11% and a lower serum lipid peroxides of 33%.
Alonso J,(2004) performed a comparative medical research on the results of curcumin at dosages of 400mg per day to 1200mg per day to the drug phenylbutazone for 80 sufferers in treating put up operative irritation in St.Johns college,Banglore.It was discovered that curcumin was as efficient as phenylbutazone in treating post-operative irritation and arthritis. curcumin prevents the synthesis of a number of inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes .curcumin has an identical motion to aspirin besides that curcumin doesn’t trigger vascular thrombosis the best way aspirin does curcumin anti-inflammatory properties could also be attributed to its capacity to inhibit pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid, in addition to neutrophil perform throughout inflammatory states. The curcumin exhibits significance at zero.01 stage of ‘t’ check and practical Assessment scale acts as efficient remedy (72%) modality for the identical and progresses in direction of the processes of healing properties.
Gescher, Mead, Desnottes & Badmaev,(2004) performed a randomized medical trial for lowering vitiligo by evaluating 15 Asian sufferers with acute vitiligo who consumed turmeric every day on the dose of 300mg twice for a interval of 6 weeks. The sufferers grouped in to 2 teams with routine measures of management and experimentation with turmeric, the place utilizing cross sectional method. After 6 weeks of remedy the facial repigmentation was almost accomplished in 6 of the Eight sufferers, the place as solely minor to reasonable or no response was obtained within the remaining 7 sufferers, researchers are very happy with the healing energy of turmeric. Advance analysis in science has found that turmeric is having one of the distinguished medical advantages for quantity of individuals. It’s extensively coming in to the literature at an growing tempo with its wholesome advantages. Turmeric is used as an antiseptic as a result of of its robust healing energy.
Andrew Weil,(2005) performed a randomized medical analysis research funded by NIH’s Nationwide Middle for complementary and Various Medication (NCCAM).It explored the use of turmeric for the remedy of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune situation affecting two million People.40 sufferers had been began with the remedy.The standard advisable dose is 400-600mg every day of turmeric tablets or capsules taken 3 times every day or as directed on the product label. Creator recommends merchandise labeled as normal curcuminoids, cautioning that it will possibly take as much as two months earlier than outcomes are noticed utilizing visible analogue ache scale and for 25 sufferers joint ache declined (p>zero.05), edema and stiffness diminished and begins their every day actions.
A placebo managed double blinded research performed in 1986 confirmed dosage of 1200mg of curcumin a day was more practical in lowering put up surgical irritation than both the placebo group.The research recommend that turmeric /curcumin is handiest for acute irritation, thus it lowering the put up surgical irritation, after remedy remedy those that took curcumin exhibits efficient outcomes and extremely dependable (r=zero.Eight) when examine to placebo impact and the identical recommends for arthritis . Majeed,(2006)
