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CHAPTER THREE
COMMUNITY PROFILE OF THE WA MUNICIPALITY
Location and Measurement
The Higher West Area is positioned within the north-western a part of Ghana and shares borders with the La Cote D’Ivoire to the north,-west, Burkina Faso to the north, Higher East to the East and the Northern Area to the south. The Wa Municipal Meeting was created out of the then Wa District in 2004 with legislative instrument (L1) 1800 in pursuant of the coverage of decentralization began in 1988. The Meeting is empowered as the very best political and administrative physique within the Municipality charged with the duty of facilitating the implementation of nationwide insurance policies. Below part 10 of the Native Authorities Act 1993 (Act 426), the Meeting workout routines deliberative, legislative and government capabilities within the District. By this act, the Meeting is answerable for the general improvement of the Municipality. The Wa Municipality is due to this fact tone of the eleven administrative areas (District Assemblies) that make up the Higher West Area (UWR) of Ghana. The Municipality shares administrative boundaries with Nadowli District to the north, the Wa East District to the east and the Wa west district to the west. The Municipality lies between latitudes 9º50!N to 10º20!N and between longitudes 9º40! W and 10º15!W. It has an space of roughly 234.74 km2, about 6.four% of the realm of Higher West Area. The implication of the situation of the municipality for improvement is, enhancing bilateral commerce and commerce with Franco telephone nations. The Wa city has the potential to develop and be upgraded into each an industrial and business hub for the north-western hall of Ghana. The Determine 1 (map) under exhibits the situation of the Wa Municipality with among the peri-urban communities that fall sufferer of the quickly urbanizing course of within the municipality.
Demography
The Higher West area is the youngest area in Ghana. In 2010, the inhabitants of the area stood at 702,110 with a progress fee of 1.9% every year. Based on the 2010 inhabitants and Housing census, the Wa Municipality has a complete inhabitants of 107,214. At the moment, the whole inhabitants of the municipality stands at 127,284 (male: 61,826/feminine: 65,458) with an urbanized inhabitants of 71,zero51 (GSS, 2012) representing 66.three% in comparison with the nationwide urbanized share of 50.9% and the regional urbanized share of 16.three%. This additionally implies the Wa Municipality alone accounts for a 62% share of the area’s urbanized inhabitants within the 12 months 2010. The Municipality can be reported as having an city inhabitants progress fee of four% as in comparison with the nationwide city progress fee of three.four% (Wa Municipal, 2012; GSS, 2005; GSS, 2012). The inhabitants construction of the Wa municipality revealed a preponderance of the youth over the aged and females (51%) over males (49%). The youth kind 49% of the whole inhabitants with a possible working inhabitants of 47% and four% aged. This implies a excessive dependency ratio because the economically energetic inhabitants is 47% in comparison with dependent inhabitants of 53%. The inhabitants density is 542 individuals per sq. kilometers with its related improvement implication within the areas of housing, training and well being amenities, environmental sanitation, water provide, strain on land and socio-economic infrastructure as a result of quickly urbanising township. This raises the difficulty of inhabitants administration, particularly, housing, land use planning, streetism, battle administration, to safe the way forward for the municipality.
The gender implication of the above consists of programming for girls, mom and kids to offer for peculiar well being, instructional and financial wants and strengthening establishments for efficient governance and safety of the weak and excluded and in addition guarantee human rights particularly for girls. A second implication is that the youthfulness of the inhabitants requires the supply of social infrastructure particularly colleges, crèches, day nursery, main and junior secondary colleges, healthcare companies particularly household planning, adolescent and reproductive well being companies. Thirdly, there’s the necessity for expertise improvement programmes that may present the youth with employable expertise to deal with present and future unemployment issues. These implications are linked to inhabitants administration points akin to enhancing efficient useful resource mobilization, human, monetary and materials assets for the supply of primary socio financial infrastructure and companies within the instructional and well being sectors. There may be additionally the necessity for capability constructing and institutional strengthening for the employees of the municipal meeting and different sector departments and the necessity to embark upon vigorous inhabitants administration programmes and employment creation for the youth. The existence of instructional amenities universities, Polytechnics, lengthy distance studying facilities, vocational and technical establishments, availability of electrical energy, water, banking, telecommunication and transportation amenities employment alternatives and availability of agricultural fertile lands within the Wa city are answerable for the present rural exodus of populations into the town centre resulting in the growth of the city centre in the direction of the peri-urban communities in response to the inflow of populations and developments.
Reduction, Drainage and Topography
The Municipality lies within the Savannah excessive plains, which typically, is gently undulating with a median peak between 160m and 300m above sea degree. The light rolling nature of the panorama implies that the topography isn’t any barrier to agriculture and different bodily improvement. The low mendacity areas are discovered within the following localities; Charia, Zingu, Kperisi to the North and Piisi, Dapouha, Boli, Sing, Biihe and Busa to the South. These manifest within the type of valleys that gather and retain water throughout the wet season and are due to this fact appropriate for rice cultivation and livestock rearing. These low mendacity areas have additional given rise to 2 important drainage programs, the Sing-Bakpong and its tributaries to the South and Billi and its tributaries to the North. The streams are seasonal and thus dry up throughout the lengthy dry season thereby decreasing obtainable of water for agriculture, home, industrial and constructional makes use of. This suggests the supply of dams, dugouts and rainwater harvesting with a purpose to present sufficient water to satisfy the home and agricultural wants of the growing inhabitants within the space.
Climate
The local weather of the Wa Municipality is characterised by lengthy, windy and sizzling dry season adopted by the brief and stormy moist season. The dry season happens between November and April. The north japanese commerce winds from the Sahara desert precipitates the chilly harmattan winds between November and February which brings with it coughs, chilly and different respiratory illnesses and in addition pores and skin illnesses. The recent season data excessive temperatures with a peak of between 40zeroC and 45zeroC in March and April inflicting dehydration and incidence of cerebral meningitis. The impact of local weather change is changing into extra manifest of late on account of human actions when it comes to bush burning, felling of timber, poor farming practices and infrastructural actions. The moist season lasts between April and October. The annual imply rainfall quantity of between 840 mm and 1400 mm is sparsely and poorly distributed over the months. The rainfall sample is erratic and punctuated by spells of lengthy droughts and heavy downpours and floods. This impacts humidity ranges, soil moisture ranges, crop progress and basic agricultural productiveness.
Land use
However the truth that the municipality is the business hub of the higher west area, agriculture stays important the financial exercise. It stays the biggest single contributor to the native economic system and employs about 70% of the energetic inhabitants. The principle staple crops grown are millet, sorghum, maize, rice, cowpea and groundnuts cultivated on subsistence foundation. Nevertheless, soybeans, groundnuts, Bambara beans are produced as money crops. Financial timber inside the municipality are sheanuts, dawadawa, mango, baobab and teak.
The vegetation cowl of the realm is guinea savanna woodland, which is made up of grasses and tree species akin to Butylosternum Paradoxum (Shea tree), Parkia biglolosa (Dawadawa), Adansonia Digitata (baobab), Anarcadium occidentale (cashew), Acacia, Ebony, Neem and Mango amongst others. There’s a marked change within the plant lifetime of this vegetation zone throughout totally different seasons of the 12 months. The vegetation on this space is thus open and dominated by brief grasses. Within the moist season, the realm seems inexperienced and within the dry season, the grass dries and many of the timber shed their leaves and vulnerable to bush fires. Human actions akin to firewood harvesting, charcoal burning, farming, quarrying, development and many others. are all mixed to switch the pure surroundings. The Municipality lies within the Savanna excessive plains, which typically, is undulating with a median peak between 160 and 300 m above sea degree and has two important drainage programs, Sing-Bakpong and its tributaries to the South and Billi and its tributaries to the North. The streams dry up throughout the lengthy dry season thereby decreasing obtainable water for agriculture, home, industrial and development customers. Aside from the Wa central-the capital of the municipality, there are eight peri-urban cities inside the municipality. Nevertheless, the examine would concentrate on the 4 quick urbanizing communities (Busa, Kpongo, Charia/Loho and Kperisi) positioned nearly equidistance from the municipality.
Financial system of the Wa Municipality
The construction of the economic system of the municipality has not modified since 2009. It’s nonetheless dominated by agriculture (about 70%), adopted by commerce (about 9%) and business (about three%). Different key sectors of the economic system are transport, tourism, communication and power. Peoples’ sources of revenue for livelihood rely on the financial actions they undertake, the extent of range and the know-how or know-how used. Comparatively, the range of the economic system of the municipality may be very restricted and dominated by agriculture, which is equally not diversified. Wa municipal falls inside the Savannah Zone the place poverty has been above the nationwide common. At the moment, 9 (9) out of each ten is claimed to be poor. Common households incomes are very low and bread winners few. An Assessment of family’s expenditure exhibits that about 80% of their revenue is spent on meals and 20% on lease, training, well being, utility fees and funerals. The excessive degree of poverty is attributed to underdeveloped social overhead capital. Social overhead capital, which provides companies (energy, transport, storage, communication, training) which are indispensable to trendy business are underneath developed. The underneath improvement of this capital base is a constraint or bottleneck to financial progress and improvement within the Municipality.
Agriculture
The agriculture sector offers greater than 60% of the municipal inhabitants sources of jobs, livelihood and enterprise. It’s a sector essential to the native economic system, as a result of it’s at the moment the main supplier of jobs. Regardless of its strategic position in preventing poverty, it’s underneath modernized. Conventional applied sciences nonetheless dominates agriculture manufacturing, processing, storage and advertising and marketing. Applications are due to this fact required to reinforce improvement of sustainable agriculture manufacturing programs e.g. irrigation programs, enhanced farmer training and coaching, enhanced know-how switch in agriculture manufacturing, storage and improve company improvement for advertising and marketing. Agro-Trade is an immense potential ready improvement. The funding potentials are many and different.
Cereals flour: processing from Staple meals crops like maize, millet and sorghum. About 5,581, 7,113and 5,180 MT of maize, millet and sorghum respectively are produced yearly. About 70-80% of the manufacturing is processed at grinding mills the place the potential for meals contamination may be very excessive.
Pito Brewing: An area beverage (Pito) produced from sorghum (Guinea Corn) which enjoys loads patronage within the municipality and the area faces the challenges of sustaining the standard/requirements past a day, assembly most well-liked style and alcohol degree of customers, packaging and conventional brewing course of. But it is among the main sources of livelihoods and revenue for girls. Modernizing pito brewing has a possible of not solely augmenting sorghum manufacturing however enhancing ladies revenue degree.
Processing/Packaging: of dairy and meat merchandise (cheese, yoghurt, sausages) for households, catering and hospitality industries: Cattle herds are about 6,696 whereas small ruminants’ inhabitants is about eight,457. Livestock manufacturing continues to be principally open vary, whereas a rising hospitality and catering business lack the mandatory meat product.
Edible oil extraction: Shea butter, Groundnut and Cotton seed oil are extracted utilizing conventional strategies. About 6,696, 5,154, and 5,303 MT of sheanuts, groundnuts and cotton seed respectively are produced yearly within the Municipality.
Fruit juice/jam extraction: One more rising enterprise space with nice progress potential is fruit juice extraction. Fruits of great financial significance within the municipality embrace mango, cashew, shea, “zumbringa”.
Tourism
Tourism is among the quick rising sectors within the Municipality of Wa and awaits a whole lot of funding. Aside from distinctive sights (starting from pure assets, tradition and leisure), a relative good primary infrastructure, transport and hospitality base promise the municipality a singular vacationer vacation spot. These potentials however, lodging, meals and drinks amenities, and Help companies are insufficient and substandard. A number of the notable vacationers’ sights embrace; the Wa-Naa Palace (an emblem of authority of one of many three epical authorities of conventional Wa), a flat roofed magnificent conventional constructing with rumble stripped partitions; the Dzendzen Pool, George E. Ferguson Tomb (the primary agent of the Governor of the Gold Coast Colony to achieve Wa, Could 4th 1894), Western Sudanese model constructed mosques e.g. the Centenarian Mosque at Nakori, Chegli crocodile pond, indigenous traditions, buildings and tradition, dance and music.
Transport
The transport system within the Municipality is made up of highway and really restricted air transport. The highway community is about 385km comprising 256km latitude roads and 129km, surfaced roads (trunk tarred roads). The Municipality has 4 (four) trunk highway hyperlinks to Kumasi and Tamale, Dorimon/Burkina Faso, Lawra-Hamile and Tumu/Leo. It is a robust benefit for enhanced commerce and tourism. Nevertheless, the circumstances of those are unhealthy and inhibit transport companies between Wa and these places. The absence of a by-pass highway for site visitors on direct path to neighbouring Burkina Faso, undeveloped arterial roads, poor drainage community, insufficient/substandard vacationers and cargo lorry parks, restricted pedestrian cross walks, absence of bus cease pavements do retard the progress of the transport sector. Wa Municipality has over 300 business/ non-public autos inhabitants and expertise over 200 Autos passage day the companies suppliers are dominantly non-public operators: GPRTU, Metro Mass transport, STC, OA, DKM, Diamond Winners, EMEKPA and Personal alliance transport. One other most predominate technique of transport is using bike. This lessens site visitors conditions however nevertheless causes accidents within the city. It’s incumbent that for the Municipality to faucet the total advantages of all sectors, transportation requires a critical improvement intervention.
Housing /Actual Property improvement
As a regional capital the municipality performs political, administrative and business companies which demand applicable housing for households, places of work/establishments and enterprise. Nevertheless, compound housing which regular accommodate six to12 households with poor municipal companies nonetheless dominates the housing sector within the municipality. The housing problem is aggravated by a floating college students’ inhabitants which lack lodging on campuses.
Business Hub of the Area
The Wa Municipality is at the moment the regional business/service centre with common buying and selling/workplace amenities (infrastructure). It has over 800 SME in tourism, agro enterprise/ processing, Commerce, steel fabrication, development, banking & Finance. The presence of some market amenities (retailers), do appeal to folks from all corners of the area to commerce within the municipality. Just a few Fashionable buying amenities are additionally current to ease the congested buying scenario within the municipality. The comparatively giant variety of SMEs opens up alternatives for Partnerships/Joint Ventures The industries within the Municipality are small scale and are categorized into Agro processing, wooden, Textile, steel glass, leather-based & cover, clay/sand/stone, artwork & craft. There’s a excessive degree of agro-based industries within the Municipality. To finance these industries there are about 15 monetary establishments (Banking and Non-banking) within the Municipality. This place the municipality in a greater place to help small and medium scale companies to develop.
Gentle Industrial Space
The Native Authority, Wa Municipal Meeting, has acquired 20 acres of land for gentle industries. Utilities like electrical energy and water have been supplied. This creates an impetus for a complete transformation of the economic system. The Municipal Meeting is in search of potential traders to do enterprise with. Beside the Municipal Meeting is able to entrance/help any potential investor to entry land for any funding within the municipality.
Banking and Monetary Establishments
The municipality can increase of over 15 banking/non-banking establishments; ADB, SGSSB, Barclays, Stanbic, APEX Financial institution, GCB, NIB , 1st Nationwide financial institution, Lawra Space Rural Financial institution and Sonzelle Rural Financial institution. There additionally exist 5 (5) non-banking monetary establishments. There are Two Credit score Unions Ghana Monetary Companies, Comforter, DKM, Line Paradise and Sinapi Aba. They supply the mandatory monetary companies.
Infrastructure
Infrastructure contains water programs, communication networks, electrical energy (energy), well being care amenities, roads, streets safety system amongst others. The obtainable infrastructure within the Municipality is averagely sufficient to advertise the expansion of different sectors within the area. There may be the provision of water programs, communication networks, electrical energy (energy), well being care amenities, roads, streets safety system that may facilitate improvement within the municipality.
Key Curiosity Areas to do Enterprise within the Wa Municipality
- Increasing manufacturing and worth addition in agriculture, business, tourism and transport
- Enhancing institutional competitiveness
- Efficient and environment friendly and communication system
- Partaking diversified types of partnerships
- Growing and retaining the mandatory human capital for hiring and self-employment
- Facilitating entry to monetary and non-financial Help service
